Reaction isexergonic butrequires enzymeto overcomeactivationbarrier.Interpret areaction graphshowing highactivationenergy andnegative ΔG.Channelsform pores;carrierschangeshape.Explain thedifferencebetweenchannel andcarrier proteins.ATP hydrolysisreleasesenergy to driveendergonicreactions.Explain howATP drivescoupledreactions.Autodigestionof cell.Predict whathappens iflysosomesruptureinside a cell.Membranepotentialcollapses;swelling mayoccur.If the Na⁺/K⁺pump stops,predict effectson membranepotential.Chargedparticlescannot crosshydrophobiccore.Why do ionsrequiretransportproteins tocrossmembranes?Bondsstrained;unstableintermediatestate.Explain whythe transitionstate is highenergy.Denaturation;loss offunction.Predict enzymeactivity attemperaturesfar aboveoptimum.Proteins notmodified orproperlysorted.If the Golgiapparatus isnonfunctional,predict whathappens tosecreted proteins.Cellrecognition,signaling,adhesion.Explain therole ofcarbohydratechains onglycoproteins.Adds closelypackednegativecharges →instability →energy release.Explain whyphosphorylationcauses a largefree energychangeMicrotubules =transport/spindle;Actin = movement;Intermediate =structural support.Comparemicrotubules, actinfilaments, andintermediatefilamentsstructurally andfunctionally.Plants: wall,chloroplasts,vacuole;Animals: nowall, lysosomescommon.Compare plantand animalcells in termsof structureand function.Cell shrinks(crenation).Predict whathappens to ananimal cellplaced in ahypertonicsolution.Alters R-groupcharges;disruptsactive site.Why doesenzymeactivitydecrease atextreme pH?Passive = noATP, downgradient; Active= ATP, againstgradient.Compare passivevs activetransport in termsof energy anddirection ofmovement.Facilitatedrequiresprotein;simple doesnot.Explain howfacilitateddiffusion differsfrom simplediffusion.Shape andchemicalcompatibility(R groups).Explain whythe activesite isspecific to itssubstrate.High ATPdemand(muscle oractivetransport cell).A cell containsmanymitochondria—predict itsenergy demandsand role.No; lackschloroplasts.Predictwhetherphotosynthesisoccurs in aroot cell.Hydrophobiceffect drivestails inward,headsoutward.Explain why thephospholipidbilayer formsspontaneouslyin water.Prokaryotes lacknucleus/organelles;eukaryotescompartmentalized.Compareprokaryoticandeukaryotic cellorganization.Enzymesloweractivationenergy only.Explain whyenzymes donot changeΔG of areaction.Diffusion = solutemovement;Osmosis = watermovement;Facilitated =protein-assisted.Comparediffusion,osmosis, andfacilitateddiffusion.Reaction isexergonic butrequires enzymeto overcomeactivationbarrier.Interpret areaction graphshowing highactivationenergy andnegative ΔG.Channelsform pores;carrierschangeshape.Explain thedifferencebetweenchannel andcarrier proteins.ATP hydrolysisreleasesenergy to driveendergonicreactions.Explain howATP drivescoupledreactions.Autodigestionof cell.Predict whathappens iflysosomesruptureinside a cell.Membranepotentialcollapses;swelling mayoccur.If the Na⁺/K⁺pump stops,predict effectson membranepotential.Chargedparticlescannot crosshydrophobiccore.Why do ionsrequiretransportproteins tocrossmembranes?Bondsstrained;unstableintermediatestate.Explain whythe transitionstate is highenergy.Denaturation;loss offunction.Predict enzymeactivity attemperaturesfar aboveoptimum.Proteins notmodified orproperlysorted.If the Golgiapparatus isnonfunctional,predict whathappens tosecreted proteins.Cellrecognition,signaling,adhesion.Explain therole ofcarbohydratechains onglycoproteins.Adds closelypackednegativecharges →instability →energy release.Explain whyphosphorylationcauses a largefree energychangeMicrotubules =transport/spindle;Actin = movement;Intermediate =structural support.Comparemicrotubules, actinfilaments, andintermediatefilamentsstructurally andfunctionally.Plants: wall,chloroplasts,vacuole;Animals: nowall, lysosomescommon.Compare plantand animalcells in termsof structureand function.Cell shrinks(crenation).Predict whathappens to ananimal cellplaced in ahypertonicsolution.Alters R-groupcharges;disruptsactive site.Why doesenzymeactivitydecrease atextreme pH?Passive = noATP, downgradient; Active= ATP, againstgradient.Compare passivevs activetransport in termsof energy anddirection ofmovement.Facilitatedrequiresprotein;simple doesnot.Explain howfacilitateddiffusion differsfrom simplediffusion.Shape andchemicalcompatibility(R groups).Explain whythe activesite isspecific to itssubstrate.High ATPdemand(muscle oractivetransport cell).A cell containsmanymitochondria—predict itsenergy demandsand role.No; lackschloroplasts.Predictwhetherphotosynthesisoccurs in aroot cell.Hydrophobiceffect drivestails inward,headsoutward.Explain why thephospholipidbilayer formsspontaneouslyin water.Prokaryotes lacknucleus/organelles;eukaryotescompartmentalized.Compareprokaryoticandeukaryotic cellorganization.Enzymesloweractivationenergy only.Explain whyenzymes donot changeΔG of areaction.Diffusion = solutemovement;Osmosis = watermovement;Facilitated =protein-assisted.Comparediffusion,osmosis, andfacilitateddiffusion.

Exam 2 Review - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Interpret a reaction graph showing high activation energy and negative ΔG.
    Reaction is exergonic but requires enzyme to overcome activation barrier.
  2. Explain the difference between channel and carrier proteins.
    Channels form pores; carriers change shape.
  3. Explain how ATP drives coupled reactions.
    ATP hydrolysis releases energy to drive endergonic reactions.
  4. Predict what happens if lysosomes rupture inside a cell.
    Autodigestion of cell.
  5. If the Na⁺/K⁺ pump stops, predict effects on membrane potential.
    Membrane potential collapses; swelling may occur.
  6. Why do ions require transport proteins to cross membranes?
    Charged particles cannot cross hydrophobic core.
  7. Explain why the transition state is high energy.
    Bonds strained; unstable intermediate state.
  8. Predict enzyme activity at temperatures far above optimum.
    Denaturation; loss of function.
  9. If the Golgi apparatus is nonfunctional, predict what happens to secreted proteins.
    Proteins not modified or properly sorted.
  10. Explain the role of carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins.
    Cell recognition, signaling, adhesion.
  11. Explain why phosphorylation causes a large free energy change
    Adds closely packed negative charges → instability → energy release.
  12. Compare microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments structurally and functionally.
    Microtubules = transport/spindle; Actin = movement; Intermediate = structural support.
  13. Compare plant and animal cells in terms of structure and function.
    Plants: wall, chloroplasts, vacuole; Animals: no wall, lysosomes common.
  14. Predict what happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution.
    Cell shrinks (crenation).
  15. Why does enzyme activity decrease at extreme pH?
    Alters R-group charges; disrupts active site.
  16. Compare passive vs active transport in terms of energy and direction of movement.
    Passive = no ATP, down gradient; Active = ATP, against gradient.
  17. Explain how facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion.
    Facilitated requires protein; simple does not.
  18. Explain why the active site is specific to its substrate.
    Shape and chemical compatibility (R groups).
  19. A cell contains many mitochondria—predict its energy demands and role.
    High ATP demand (muscle or active transport cell).
  20. Predict whether photosynthesis occurs in a root cell.
    No; lacks chloroplasts.
  21. Explain why the phospholipid bilayer forms spontaneously in water.
    Hydrophobic effect drives tails inward, heads outward.
  22. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organization.
    Prokaryotes lack nucleus/organelles; eukaryotes compartmentalized.
  23. Explain why enzymes do not change ΔG of a reaction.
    Enzymes lower activation energy only.
  24. Compare diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
    Diffusion = solute movement; Osmosis = water movement; Facilitated = protein-assisted.