Reaction isexergonic butrequires enzymeto overcomeactivationbarrier.Interpret areaction graphshowing highactivationenergy andnegative ΔG.Enzymesloweractivationenergy only.Explain whyenzymes donot changeΔG of areaction.Cellrecognition,signaling,adhesion.Explain therole ofcarbohydratechains onglycoproteins.Diffusion = solutemovement;Osmosis = watermovement;Facilitated =protein-assisted.Comparediffusion,osmosis, andfacilitateddiffusion.Proteins notmodified orproperlysorted.If the Golgiapparatus isnonfunctional,predict whathappens tosecreted proteins.Cell shrinks(crenation).Predict whathappens to ananimal cellplaced in ahypertonicsolution.Microtubules =transport/spindle;Actin = movement;Intermediate =structural support.Comparemicrotubules, actinfilaments, andintermediatefilamentsstructurally andfunctionally.Hydrophobiceffect drivestails inward,headsoutward.Explain why thephospholipidbilayer formsspontaneouslyin water.Adds closelypackednegativecharges →instability →energy release.Explain whyphosphorylationcauses a largefree energychangeFacilitatedrequiresprotein;simple doesnot.Explain howfacilitateddiffusion differsfrom simplediffusion.Passive = noATP, downgradient; Active= ATP, againstgradient.Compare passivevs activetransport in termsof energy anddirection ofmovement.Membranepotentialcollapses;swelling mayoccur.If the Na⁺/K⁺pump stops,predict effectson membranepotential.Autodigestionof cell.Predict whathappens iflysosomesruptureinside a cell.High ATPdemand(muscle oractivetransport cell).A cell containsmanymitochondria—predict itsenergy demandsand role.Denaturation;loss offunction.Predict enzymeactivity attemperaturesfar aboveoptimum.Channelsform pores;carrierschangeshape.Explain thedifferencebetweenchannel andcarrier proteins.Bondsstrained;unstableintermediatestate.Explain whythe transitionstate is highenergy.Chargedparticlescannot crosshydrophobiccore.Why do ionsrequiretransportproteins tocrossmembranes?Plants: wall,chloroplasts,vacuole;Animals: nowall, lysosomescommon.Compare plantand animalcells in termsof structureand function.ATP hydrolysisreleasesenergy to driveendergonicreactions.Explain howATP drivescoupledreactions.No; lackschloroplasts.Predictwhetherphotosynthesisoccurs in aroot cell.Alters R-groupcharges;disruptsactive site.Why doesenzymeactivitydecrease atextreme pH?Prokaryotes lacknucleus/organelles;eukaryotescompartmentalized.Compareprokaryoticandeukaryotic cellorganization.Shape andchemicalcompatibility(R groups).Explain whythe activesite isspecific to itssubstrate.Reaction isexergonic butrequires enzymeto overcomeactivationbarrier.Interpret areaction graphshowing highactivationenergy andnegative ΔG.Enzymesloweractivationenergy only.Explain whyenzymes donot changeΔG of areaction.Cellrecognition,signaling,adhesion.Explain therole ofcarbohydratechains onglycoproteins.Diffusion = solutemovement;Osmosis = watermovement;Facilitated =protein-assisted.Comparediffusion,osmosis, andfacilitateddiffusion.Proteins notmodified orproperlysorted.If the Golgiapparatus isnonfunctional,predict whathappens tosecreted proteins.Cell shrinks(crenation).Predict whathappens to ananimal cellplaced in ahypertonicsolution.Microtubules =transport/spindle;Actin = movement;Intermediate =structural support.Comparemicrotubules, actinfilaments, andintermediatefilamentsstructurally andfunctionally.Hydrophobiceffect drivestails inward,headsoutward.Explain why thephospholipidbilayer formsspontaneouslyin water.Adds closelypackednegativecharges →instability →energy release.Explain whyphosphorylationcauses a largefree energychangeFacilitatedrequiresprotein;simple doesnot.Explain howfacilitateddiffusion differsfrom simplediffusion.Passive = noATP, downgradient; Active= ATP, againstgradient.Compare passivevs activetransport in termsof energy anddirection ofmovement.Membranepotentialcollapses;swelling mayoccur.If the Na⁺/K⁺pump stops,predict effectson membranepotential.Autodigestionof cell.Predict whathappens iflysosomesruptureinside a cell.High ATPdemand(muscle oractivetransport cell).A cell containsmanymitochondria—predict itsenergy demandsand role.Denaturation;loss offunction.Predict enzymeactivity attemperaturesfar aboveoptimum.Channelsform pores;carrierschangeshape.Explain thedifferencebetweenchannel andcarrier proteins.Bondsstrained;unstableintermediatestate.Explain whythe transitionstate is highenergy.Chargedparticlescannot crosshydrophobiccore.Why do ionsrequiretransportproteins tocrossmembranes?Plants: wall,chloroplasts,vacuole;Animals: nowall, lysosomescommon.Compare plantand animalcells in termsof structureand function.ATP hydrolysisreleasesenergy to driveendergonicreactions.Explain howATP drivescoupledreactions.No; lackschloroplasts.Predictwhetherphotosynthesisoccurs in aroot cell.Alters R-groupcharges;disruptsactive site.Why doesenzymeactivitydecrease atextreme pH?Prokaryotes lacknucleus/organelles;eukaryotescompartmentalized.Compareprokaryoticandeukaryotic cellorganization.Shape andchemicalcompatibility(R groups).Explain whythe activesite isspecific to itssubstrate.

Exam 2 Review - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Interpret a reaction graph showing high activation energy and negative ΔG.
    Reaction is exergonic but requires enzyme to overcome activation barrier.
  2. Explain why enzymes do not change ΔG of a reaction.
    Enzymes lower activation energy only.
  3. Explain the role of carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins.
    Cell recognition, signaling, adhesion.
  4. Compare diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
    Diffusion = solute movement; Osmosis = water movement; Facilitated = protein-assisted.
  5. If the Golgi apparatus is nonfunctional, predict what happens to secreted proteins.
    Proteins not modified or properly sorted.
  6. Predict what happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution.
    Cell shrinks (crenation).
  7. Compare microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments structurally and functionally.
    Microtubules = transport/spindle; Actin = movement; Intermediate = structural support.
  8. Explain why the phospholipid bilayer forms spontaneously in water.
    Hydrophobic effect drives tails inward, heads outward.
  9. Explain why phosphorylation causes a large free energy change
    Adds closely packed negative charges → instability → energy release.
  10. Explain how facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion.
    Facilitated requires protein; simple does not.
  11. Compare passive vs active transport in terms of energy and direction of movement.
    Passive = no ATP, down gradient; Active = ATP, against gradient.
  12. If the Na⁺/K⁺ pump stops, predict effects on membrane potential.
    Membrane potential collapses; swelling may occur.
  13. Predict what happens if lysosomes rupture inside a cell.
    Autodigestion of cell.
  14. A cell contains many mitochondria—predict its energy demands and role.
    High ATP demand (muscle or active transport cell).
  15. Predict enzyme activity at temperatures far above optimum.
    Denaturation; loss of function.
  16. Explain the difference between channel and carrier proteins.
    Channels form pores; carriers change shape.
  17. Explain why the transition state is high energy.
    Bonds strained; unstable intermediate state.
  18. Why do ions require transport proteins to cross membranes?
    Charged particles cannot cross hydrophobic core.
  19. Compare plant and animal cells in terms of structure and function.
    Plants: wall, chloroplasts, vacuole; Animals: no wall, lysosomes common.
  20. Explain how ATP drives coupled reactions.
    ATP hydrolysis releases energy to drive endergonic reactions.
  21. Predict whether photosynthesis occurs in a root cell.
    No; lacks chloroplasts.
  22. Why does enzyme activity decrease at extreme pH?
    Alters R-group charges; disrupts active site.
  23. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organization.
    Prokaryotes lack nucleus/organelles; eukaryotes compartmentalized.
  24. Explain why the active site is specific to its substrate.
    Shape and chemical compatibility (R groups).