Chapter 31: Molecular Biology - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.

1. O- During this phase in DNA Synthesis, DNA splits like a “zipper” down the middle, and two identical daughter DNA molecules are created from the parent molecule.
   O-S Phase
2. I- A radiation effect that occurs by chance, where the probability increases with dose but the severity does not (e.g., cancer).
   I-Stochastic Effect
3. B- A change in a single nucleotide base in DNA that can alter genetic information.
   B-Point Mutation
4. N-The creation of complex molecules, such as proteins or DNA, from simpler components.
   N-Synthesis
5. B-Biological experiments performed outside a living organism, such as in a test tube or laboratory dish.
   B-In Vitro
6. N-The process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
   N-Anabolism
7. G-The process where DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
   G-Transcribed
8. I- The thickness or resistance of a fluid to flow, which can affect molecular movement in cells.
   I-Viscosity
9. O-Breakage of the backbone or long-chained macromolecule, which reduces the size of the macromolecule and the viscosity of the solution. Measurement of viscosity will determine the degree of_____-______ _______.
   O-Main-Chain Scission
10. O-Radiation directly interacts with DNA or critical molecules, causing damage.
    O-Direct Effect
11. I-When radiation energy interacts with a cell or molecule, depositing energy that may cause damage.
    I-Radiation Hit
12. B- Radiation damage to chromosomes, including breaks, deletions, or rearrangements that affect genetic material.
    B-Cytogenic Damage
13. G-A structural change in a chromosome, such as breaks, deletions, or rearrangements caused by radiation.
    G-Chromosome Aberration
14. N- Small areas of localized cellular damage, often involving a single molecular change.
    N-Point Lesions
15. G-The splitting of water molecules by radiation, producing free radicals that can damage cells.
    G-Radiolysis
16. O-Biological processes or experiments occurring inside a living organism.
    O-In Vivo
17. N-The process in cells where ribosomes use mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.
    N-Translation
18. G-The movement of genetic information or molecules, often referring to the transfer of information from DNA to RNA or RNA to protein.
    G-Transferred
19. O- Radiation interacts with water first, producing free radicals that then damage DNA or other cellular structures.
    O-Indirect Effect
20. B-A highly reactive atom or molecule with an unpaired electron, often produced during radiation interactions with water.
    B-Free Radical
21. B- The concept that radiation must hit a sensitive target in the cell (usually DNA) to cause biological damage.
    B-Target Theory
22. I-Chemical bonding between two molecules or strands, such as DNA strands becoming linked after radiation damage.
    I-Cross-Linking
23. G-A radiation effect with a threshold dose, where severity increases as the radiation dose increases (e.g., skin burns).
    G-Deterministic Effect
24. I-The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
    I-Catabolism