FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.PathosAppealtoEmotionEthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterHastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesRepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. Free!AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityNonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.PathosAppealtoEmotionEthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterHastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesRepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. Free!AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityNonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
  1. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  2. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  3. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  4. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  5. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos
  6. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  7. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  8. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  9. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  10. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  11. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  12. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  13. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  14. Free!
  15. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  16. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  17. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  18. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  19. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  20. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities
  21. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause
  22. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon
  23. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur
  24. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials