TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesRedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterAppealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityPlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.PathosAppealtoEmotionFree!FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesRedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterAppealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityPlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.PathosAppealtoEmotionFree!FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. 

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials
  2. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  3. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  4. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  5. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  6. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  7. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos
  8. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  9. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  10. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  11. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon
  12. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  13. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  14. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur
  15. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  16. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  17. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  18. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities
  19. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  20. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  21. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  22. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  23. Free!
  24. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause