Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesRhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterTestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityLogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. PathosAppealtoEmotionTransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. Free!RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesRhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterTestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityLogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. PathosAppealtoEmotionTransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. Free!RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  2. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  3. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  4. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause
  5. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  6. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  7. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities
  8. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  9. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur
  10. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  11. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  12. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  13. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  14. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos
  15. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials
  16. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  17. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon
  18. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  19. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  20. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  21. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  22. Free!
  23. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  24. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man