AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesAppealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. Free!SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.BandwagonAppeal toPopularityCircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterFalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. PathosAppealtoEmotionRhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesAppealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. Free!SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.BandwagonAppeal toPopularityCircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterFalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. PathosAppealtoEmotionRhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. 

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  2. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  3. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  4. Free!
  5. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  6. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials
  7. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon
  8. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  9. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  10. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  11. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  12. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  13. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  14. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos
  15. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause
  16. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  17. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  18. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities
  19. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  20. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  21. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  22. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  23. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  24. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur