TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.Free!RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityHastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesPathosAppealtoEmotionLoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterAppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.Free!RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityHastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesPathosAppealtoEmotionLoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterAppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials
  2. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  3. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  4. Free!
  5. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  6. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon
  7. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  8. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  9. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  10. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  11. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  12. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  13. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  14. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  15. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  16. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  17. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  18. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause
  19. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  20. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos
  21. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  22. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  23. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur
  24. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities