RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. Free!AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesFalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityPathosAppealtoEmotionEthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterRedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. LoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. Free!AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesFalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. StrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityPathosAppealtoEmotionEthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacter

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  2. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  3. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur
  4. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  5. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials
  6. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  7. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  8. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  9. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  10. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  11. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities
  12. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  13. Free!
  14. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  15. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause
  16. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  17. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  18. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  19. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  20. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  21. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  22. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon
  23. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  24. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos