CircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterPathosAppealtoEmotionLoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesStrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.Free!SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. BandwagonAppeal toPopularityCircularReasoningRestating theclaim ratherthan supportingit withevidence,creating a loop.Persuasiona powerful toolthat usesspecifictechniques toinfluence beliefsand behaviors. PlainFolksPresenting thespeaker or groupas average,relatable peopleto gain trust andacceptance. Appealto FearUsing fear orthreat of direconsequencesto pushacceptance of aconclusion. AppealtoAuthorityUsing the opinion ofan authority figure(sometimesirrelevant or not anexpert) as evidenceto support anargument. GlitteringGeneralitiesUsing vague,positive-soundingphrases thatappeal to valuesand beliefs withoutproviding detail.FalseDilemmaPresenting onlytwo extremeoptions as theonly possiblechoices. TestimonialsUsingendorsements orquotations fromfamous orinfluential peopleto support anargument.EthosPersuadingthrough trust,authority, andcharacterPathosAppealtoEmotionLoadedLanguageUsing words orphrases withstrong emotionalconnotations toinfluence theaudience’sreaction. LogosPersuadingthroughreasoning,facts, andevidence.TransferAssociating theauthority, sanction, orprestige of somethingwell-respected withsomething else inorder to make thelatter more accepted. RepetitionRepeating keywords, phrases,or images tomake them morememorable andaccepted. AdHominemAttacking theperson makingan argumentrather than theargumentthemselvesStrawManMisrepresentingor oversimplifyingsomeone’sargument tomake it easier toattack.Free!SlipperySlopeArguing that onesmall first stepwill inevitablylead to a chain ofrelated (and oftenextreme) events. NonSequiturThe conclusiondoes not followlogically fromthe previousstatement orargument. RhetoricalQuestionAsking a questionnot meant to beanswered but toemphasize apoint or provokethought. HastyGeneralizationDrawing a broadconclusionbased oninsufficient orunrepresentativeevidence. FalseCauseAssuming thatbecause oneevent followsanother, the firstevent causedthe second. RedHerringDistracting fromthe main issuewith a seeminglyrelated butultimatelyirrelevant point. BandwagonAppeal toPopularity

Persuasive Techniques and Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Restating the claim rather than supporting it with evidence, creating a loop.
    Circular Reasoning
  2. a powerful tool that uses specific techniques to influence beliefs and behaviors.
    Persuasion
  3. Presenting the speaker or group as average, relatable people to gain trust and acceptance.
    Plain Folks
  4. Using fear or threat of dire consequences to push acceptance of a conclusion.
    Appeal to Fear
  5. Using the opinion of an authority figure (sometimes irrelevant or not an expert) as evidence to support an argument.
    Appeal to Authority
  6. Using vague, positive-sounding phrases that appeal to values and beliefs without providing detail.
    Glittering Generalities
  7. Presenting only two extreme options as the only possible choices.
    False Dilemma
  8. Using endorsements or quotations from famous or influential people to support an argument.
    Testimonials
  9. Persuading through trust, authority, and character
    Ethos
  10. Appeal to Emotion
    Pathos
  11. Using words or phrases with strong emotional connotations to influence the audience’s reaction.
    Loaded Language
  12. Persuading through reasoning, facts, and evidence.
    Logos
  13. Associating the authority, sanction, or prestige of something well-respected with something else in order to make the latter more accepted.
    Transfer
  14. Repeating key words, phrases, or images to make them more memorable and accepted.
    Repetition
  15. Attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument themselves
    Ad Hominem
  16. Misrepresenting or oversimplifying someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  17. Free!
  18. Arguing that one small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related (and often extreme) events.
    Slippery Slope
  19. The conclusion does not follow logically from the previous statement or argument.
    Non Sequitur
  20. Asking a question not meant to be answered but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.
    Rhetorical Question
  21. Drawing a broad conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
    Hasty Generalization
  22. Assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.
    False Cause
  23. Distracting from the main issue with a seemingly related but ultimately irrelevant point.
    Red Herring
  24. Appeal to Popularity
    Bandwagon