Extensor Digitorum Brevis Dorsal surface of calcaneus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Contain the two sesamoid bones of the hallux in its "Y- shaped" tendons Tibialis Anterior Invert the foot and Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint) Extensor Hallucis Longus Doctors can use the strength of this muscle to test for L5 nerve issues Abductor Digiti Minimi Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Abductor Digiti Minimi Flex the fifth toe and assists to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digitorum Longus The Flexor Hallucis Longus and this muscle form a junction known as the "Knot of Henry" Tibialis Posterior Tibial L(4), 5, S1 Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial L5, S1, (2) Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extend second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) Flexor Hallucis Longus Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints), weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint), invert the foot Dorsal Interossei Abduct 2nd-4th toes and flex the 2nd-4th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint) Lumbricals of the foot If this muscle is paralyzed the extensors will pull the toes into a "claw- like" position Adductor Hallucis Tibial S1, 2 Gastrocnemius Acts as a crucial part of the circulatory system in the lower leg ("Second Heart") Extensor Hallucis Brevis Proximal Phalanx of first toe Plantar Interossei Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th metatarsals Soleus Plantar Flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Tibialis Posterior Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Tibial S1, 2 Dorsal Interossei Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals Fibularis Brevis Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Flexor Hallucis Longus Distal phalanx of first toe Quadratus Plantae Can also be referred to as the "Flexor Digitorum Accessorius" Extensor Hallucis Longus Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digitorum Brevis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Quadratus Plantae Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Popliteus Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia Popliteus Acts as the "key to the knee" in locking the tibiofemoral joint Tibialis Anterior Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal Gastrocnemius Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Fibularis Longus Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform Plantar Interossei Tibial S1,2 Fibularis Brevis Strongest Abductor of the Foot Fibularis Longus Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Plantaris Lateral supracondylar line of femur Extensor Digitorum Longus Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes Plantaris Weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint) and weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral part of this muscle splits to become the fibularis tertius Popliteus Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) and flex the knee (T/F joint) Extensor Digitorum Brevis Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes Adductor Hallucis If this muscle becomes tight or overworked it can create bunions Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe Flexor Hallucis Brevis Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform Abductor Hallucis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Lumbricals of the foot First: Tibial L4, 5, S1 Second through fourth: Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Soleus Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula Extensor Digitorum Brevis Dorsal surface of calcaneus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Contain the two sesamoid bones of the hallux in its "Y- shaped" tendons Tibialis Anterior Invert the foot and Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint) Extensor Hallucis Longus Doctors can use the strength of this muscle to test for L5 nerve issues Abductor Digiti Minimi Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Abductor Digiti Minimi Flex the fifth toe and assists to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digitorum Longus The Flexor Hallucis Longus and this muscle form a junction known as the "Knot of Henry" Tibialis Posterior Tibial L(4), 5, S1 Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial L5, S1, (2) Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extend second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) Flexor Hallucis Longus Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints), weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint), invert the foot Dorsal Interossei Abduct 2nd-4th toes and flex the 2nd-4th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint) Lumbricals of the foot If this muscle is paralyzed the extensors will pull the toes into a "claw- like" position Adductor Hallucis Tibial S1, 2 Gastrocnemius Acts as a crucial part of the circulatory system in the lower leg ("Second Heart") Extensor Hallucis Brevis Proximal Phalanx of first toe Plantar Interossei Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th metatarsals Soleus Plantar Flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Tibialis Posterior Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Tibial S1, 2 Dorsal Interossei Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals Fibularis Brevis Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Flexor Hallucis Longus Distal phalanx of first toe Quadratus Plantae Can also be referred to as the "Flexor Digitorum Accessorius" Extensor Hallucis Longus Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digitorum Brevis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Quadratus Plantae Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Popliteus Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia Popliteus Acts as the "key to the knee" in locking the tibiofemoral joint Tibialis Anterior Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal Gastrocnemius Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Fibularis Longus Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform Plantar Interossei Tibial S1,2 Fibularis Brevis Strongest Abductor of the Foot Fibularis Longus Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Plantaris Lateral supracondylar line of femur Extensor Digitorum Longus Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes Plantaris Weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint) and weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral part of this muscle splits to become the fibularis tertius Popliteus Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) and flex the knee (T/F joint) Extensor Digitorum Brevis Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes Adductor Hallucis If this muscle becomes tight or overworked it can create bunions Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe Flexor Hallucis Brevis Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform Abductor Hallucis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Lumbricals of the foot First: Tibial L4, 5, S1 Second through fourth: Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Soleus Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula
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O-Dorsal surface of calcaneus
M-Contain the two sesamoid bones of the hallux in its "Y-shaped" tendons
A-Invert the foot and Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)
M-Doctors can use the strength of this muscle to test for L5 nerve issues
O-Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
A-Flex the fifth toe and assists to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
M-The Flexor Hallucis Longus and this muscle form a junction known as the "Knot of Henry"
N-Tibial L(4), 5, S1
N-Tibial L5, S1, (2)
A-Extend second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
A-Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints), weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint), invert the foot
A-Abduct 2nd-4th toes and flex the 2nd-4th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint)
M-If this muscle is paralyzed the extensors will pull the toes into a "claw-like" position
N-Tibial S1, 2
M-Acts as a crucial part of the circulatory system in the lower leg ("Second Heart")
I-Proximal Phalanx of first toe
O-Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th metatarsals
A-Plantar Flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
O-Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
O-Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane
N-Tibial S1, 2
O-Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals
A-Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
I-Distal phalanx of first toe
M-Can also be referred to as the "Flexor Digitorum Accessorius"
N-Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1
A-Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
N-Tibial L4, 5, S1
I-Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon
I-Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
M-Acts as the "key to the knee" in locking the tibiofemoral joint
I-Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
I-Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
I-Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
N-Tibial S1,2
M-Strongest Abductor of the Foot
N-Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1
O-Lateral supracondylar line of femur
I-Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
A-Weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint) and weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
M-Lateral part of this muscle splits to become the fibularis tertius
A-Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) and flex the knee (T/F joint)
I-Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes
M-If this muscle becomes tight or overworked it can create bunions
I-Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe
O-Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
N-Tibial L4, 5, S1
N-First: Tibial L4, 5, S1
Second through fourth: Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2
O-Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula
