Plantar Interossei Tibial S1,2 Extensor Digitorum Longus Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial L5, S1, (2) Gastrocnemius Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Popliteus Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia Flexor Hallucis Longus Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints), weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint), invert the foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral part of this muscle splits to become the fibularis tertius Popliteus Acts as the "key to the knee" in locking the tibiofemoral joint Quadratus Plantae Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Abductor Digiti Minimi Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Adductor Hallucis Tibial S1, 2 Soleus Plantar Flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Fibularis Brevis Strongest Abductor of the Foot Quadratus Plantae Can also be referred to as the "Flexor Digitorum Accessorius" Adductor Hallucis If this muscle becomes tight or overworked it can create bunions Tibialis Anterior Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal Extensor Digitorum Brevis Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes Extensor Hallucis Longus Doctors can use the strength of this muscle to test for L5 nerve issues Tibialis Posterior Tibial L(4), 5, S1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform Abductor Digiti Minimi Flex the fifth toe and assists to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Fibularis Brevis Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Tibialis Anterior Invert the foot and Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint) Lumbricals of the foot If this muscle is paralyzed the extensors will pull the toes into a "claw- like" position Soleus Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula Lumbricals of the foot First: Tibial L4, 5, S1 Second through fourth: Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Fibularis Longus Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform Fibularis Longus Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Plantar Interossei Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th metatarsals Gastrocnemius Acts as a crucial part of the circulatory system in the lower leg ("Second Heart") Popliteus Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) and flex the knee (T/F joint) Flexor Digitorum Brevis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Plantaris Weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint) and weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Flexor Hallucis Brevis Contain the two sesamoid bones of the hallux in its "Y- shaped" tendons Dorsal Interossei Abduct 2nd-4th toes and flex the 2nd-4th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digitorum Longus The Flexor Hallucis Longus and this muscle form a junction known as the "Knot of Henry" Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extend second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) Tibialis Posterior Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane Dorsal Interossei Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals Abductor Hallucis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Tibial S1, 2 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Proximal Phalanx of first toe Extensor Digitorum Brevis Dorsal surface of calcaneus Flexor Hallucis Longus Distal phalanx of first toe Plantaris Lateral supracondylar line of femur Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane Extensor Hallucis Longus Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Plantar Interossei Tibial S1,2 Extensor Digitorum Longus Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial L5, S1, (2) Gastrocnemius Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon Popliteus Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia Flexor Hallucis Longus Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints), weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint), invert the foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral part of this muscle splits to become the fibularis tertius Popliteus Acts as the "key to the knee" in locking the tibiofemoral joint Quadratus Plantae Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Abductor Digiti Minimi Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Adductor Hallucis Tibial S1, 2 Soleus Plantar Flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Fibularis Brevis Strongest Abductor of the Foot Quadratus Plantae Can also be referred to as the "Flexor Digitorum Accessorius" Adductor Hallucis If this muscle becomes tight or overworked it can create bunions Tibialis Anterior Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal Extensor Digitorum Brevis Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes Extensor Hallucis Longus Doctors can use the strength of this muscle to test for L5 nerve issues Tibialis Posterior Tibial L(4), 5, S1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform Abductor Digiti Minimi Flex the fifth toe and assists to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Fibularis Brevis Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint) Tibialis Anterior Invert the foot and Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint) Lumbricals of the foot If this muscle is paralyzed the extensors will pull the toes into a "claw- like" position Soleus Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula Lumbricals of the foot First: Tibial L4, 5, S1 Second through fourth: Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Fibularis Longus Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform Fibularis Longus Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Plantar Interossei Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th metatarsals Gastrocnemius Acts as a crucial part of the circulatory system in the lower leg ("Second Heart") Popliteus Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) and flex the knee (T/F joint) Flexor Digitorum Brevis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Plantaris Weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint) and weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint) Flexor Hallucis Brevis Contain the two sesamoid bones of the hallux in its "Y- shaped" tendons Dorsal Interossei Abduct 2nd-4th toes and flex the 2nd-4th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint) Flexor Digitorum Longus The Flexor Hallucis Longus and this muscle form a junction known as the "Knot of Henry" Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extend second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) Tibialis Posterior Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane Dorsal Interossei Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals Abductor Hallucis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Tibial S1, 2 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Proximal Phalanx of first toe Extensor Digitorum Brevis Dorsal surface of calcaneus Flexor Hallucis Longus Distal phalanx of first toe Plantaris Lateral supracondylar line of femur Extensor Digitorum Longus Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane Extensor Hallucis Longus Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1
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N-Tibial S1,2
I-Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes
N-Tibial L5, S1, (2)
I-Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
I-Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia
A-Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints), weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint), invert the foot
M-Lateral part of this muscle splits to become the fibularis tertius
M-Acts as the "key to the knee" in locking the tibiofemoral joint
I-Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon
O-Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
N-Tibial S1, 2
A-Plantar Flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
M-Strongest Abductor of the Foot
M-Can also be referred to as the "Flexor Digitorum Accessorius"
M-If this muscle becomes tight or overworked it can create bunions
I-Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal
I-Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes
M-Doctors can use the strength of this muscle to test for L5 nerve issues
N-Tibial L(4), 5, S1
O-Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
A-Flex the fifth toe and assists to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
A-Evert the foot, assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
A-Invert the foot and Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)
M-If this muscle is paralyzed the extensors will pull the toes into a "claw-like" position
O-Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula
N-First: Tibial L4, 5, S1
Second through fourth: Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2
I-Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
N-Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1
O-Medial surfaces of 3rd-5th metatarsals
M-Acts as a crucial part of the circulatory system in the lower leg ("Second Heart")
A-Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) and flex the knee (T/F joint)
N-Tibial L4, 5, S1
A-Weak plantar flexion of the ankle (talocrural joint) and weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
M-Contain the two sesamoid bones of the hallux in its "Y-shaped" tendons
A-Abduct 2nd-4th toes and flex the 2nd-4th toes (metatarsophalangeal joint)
I-Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe
A-Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
M-The Flexor Hallucis Longus and this muscle form a junction known as the "Knot of Henry"
A-Extend second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
O-Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane
O-Adjacent surfaces of all metatarsals
N-Tibial L4, 5, S1
N-Tibial S1, 2
I-Proximal Phalanx of first toe
O-Dorsal surface of calcaneus
I-Distal phalanx of first toe
O-Lateral supracondylar line of femur
O-Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane
N-Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1
