BudgetdeficitWhengovernmentspendingexceeds taxrevenue in ayearNegtiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP is belowpotential GDP,creatingunemployment.InjectionsG, I,XCyclicalUnemploymentcaused by alack ofdemand duringa recession.RealGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year, at constantpricesRPIAn oldermeasure ofinflationincludinghousing costs.ADThe total demandfor goods andservices in aneconomy at agiven price leveland time.NominalGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year at currentpricesEconomicGrowthAn increase inthe productivecapacity of theeconomy,shown by a risein real GDPDemand-pullInflationcaused byexcessdemand inthe economy.UnemploymentWhen peoplewilling andable to workcannot find ajob.StructuralUnemploymentcaused by amismatch ofskills and jobrequirements.BusinesscycleFluctuationsin economicactivitySRASThe relationshipbetween pricelevel and outputwhen wagesand some costsare fixed.Cost-pushInflationcaused byrisingproductioncosts.MultipliereffectThe process bywhich an initialchange inspending leadsto a largerchange in GDPClassicalModelThe view thatmarkets self-correct and theeconomy operatesat full capacity inthe long run.NationaldebtThe totalaccumulationof pastgovernmentborrowingKeynesianModelThe view thatAD determinesoutput andgovernmentintervention isoften neededDisinflationA fall inthe rate ofinflation.InterestrateThe cost ofborrowingmoney or thereward forsaving.CPIThe mainmeasure ofinflation basedon a basket ofgoods andservices.StagflationRising inflationcombined withrisingunemploymentand stagnantgrowth.FiscalpolicyGovernmentuse of taxationand spendingto influencethe economy.MonetarypolicyCentral bankcontrol of interestrates and moneysupply toinfluence theeconomy.InflationA sustainedincrease inthe generalprice level.DeflationA sustainedfall in thegeneralprice level.SeasonalUnemploymentoccurring atcertain timesof the year.MPCTheproportion ofextra incomethat is spentLRASThe maximumproductivepotential of theeconomy whenall resources arefully employed.RealGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year, atconstant prices,divided by populationFrictionalShort-termunemploymentwhen peoplemove betweenjobs.MPSTheproportion ofextra incomethat is savedNominalGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year atcurrent prices,divided by populationCircularflow ofincomeThe movement ofmoney betweenhouseholds,firms,government andabroadLeakagesS, T,MPositiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP exceedspotential GDP,creatinginflationarypressure.BudgetdeficitWhengovernmentspendingexceeds taxrevenue in ayearNegtiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP is belowpotential GDP,creatingunemployment.InjectionsG, I,XCyclicalUnemploymentcaused by alack ofdemand duringa recession.RealGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year, at constantpricesRPIAn oldermeasure ofinflationincludinghousing costs.ADThe total demandfor goods andservices in aneconomy at agiven price leveland time.NominalGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year at currentpricesEconomicGrowthAn increase inthe productivecapacity of theeconomy,shown by a risein real GDPDemand-pullInflationcaused byexcessdemand inthe economy.UnemploymentWhen peoplewilling andable to workcannot find ajob.StructuralUnemploymentcaused by amismatch ofskills and jobrequirements.BusinesscycleFluctuationsin economicactivitySRASThe relationshipbetween pricelevel and outputwhen wagesand some costsare fixed.Cost-pushInflationcaused byrisingproductioncosts.MultipliereffectThe process bywhich an initialchange inspending leadsto a largerchange in GDPClassicalModelThe view thatmarkets self-correct and theeconomy operatesat full capacity inthe long run.NationaldebtThe totalaccumulationof pastgovernmentborrowingKeynesianModelThe view thatAD determinesoutput andgovernmentintervention isoften neededDisinflationA fall inthe rate ofinflation.InterestrateThe cost ofborrowingmoney or thereward forsaving.CPIThe mainmeasure ofinflation basedon a basket ofgoods andservices.StagflationRising inflationcombined withrisingunemploymentand stagnantgrowth.FiscalpolicyGovernmentuse of taxationand spendingto influencethe economy.MonetarypolicyCentral bankcontrol of interestrates and moneysupply toinfluence theeconomy.InflationA sustainedincrease inthe generalprice level.DeflationA sustainedfall in thegeneralprice level.SeasonalUnemploymentoccurring atcertain timesof the year.MPCTheproportion ofextra incomethat is spentLRASThe maximumproductivepotential of theeconomy whenall resources arefully employed.RealGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year, atconstant prices,divided by populationFrictionalShort-termunemploymentwhen peoplemove betweenjobs.MPSTheproportion ofextra incomethat is savedNominalGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year atcurrent prices,divided by populationCircularflow ofincomeThe movement ofmoney betweenhouseholds,firms,government andabroadLeakagesS, T,MPositiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP exceedspotential GDP,creatinginflationarypressure.

Macro Bingo - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. When government spending exceeds tax revenue in a year
    Budget deficit
  2. When actual GDP is below potential GDP, creating unemployment.
    Negtive output gap
  3. G, I, X
    Injections
  4. Unemployment caused by a lack of demand during a recession.
    Cyclical
  5. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year, at constant prices
    Real GDP
  6. An older measure of inflation including housing costs.
    RPI
  7. The total demand for goods and services in an economy at a given price level and time.
    AD
  8. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year at current prices
    Nominal GDP
  9. An increase in the productive capacity of the economy, shown by a rise in real GDP
    Economic Growth
  10. Inflation caused by excess demand in the economy.
    Demand-pull
  11. When people willing and able to work cannot find a job.
    Unemployment
  12. Unemployment caused by a mismatch of skills and job requirements.
    Structural
  13. Fluctuations in economic activity
    Business cycle
  14. The relationship between price level and output when wages and some costs are fixed.
    SRAS
  15. Inflation caused by rising production costs.
    Cost-push
  16. The process by which an initial change in spending leads to a larger change in GDP
    Multiplier effect
  17. The view that markets self-correct and the economy operates at full capacity in the long run.
    Classical Model
  18. The total accumulation of past government borrowing
    National debt
  19. The view that AD determines output and government intervention is often needed
    Keynesian Model
  20. A fall in the rate of inflation.
    Disinflation
  21. The cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving.
    Interest rate
  22. The main measure of inflation based on a basket of goods and services.
    CPI
  23. Rising inflation combined with rising unemployment and stagnant growth.
    Stagflation
  24. Government use of taxation and spending to influence the economy.
    Fiscal policy
  25. Central bank control of interest rates and money supply to influence the economy.
    Monetary policy
  26. A sustained increase in the general price level.
    Inflation
  27. A sustained fall in the general price level.
    Deflation
  28. Unemployment occurring at certain times of the year.
    Seasonal
  29. The proportion of extra income that is spent
    MPC
  30. The maximum productive potential of the economy when all resources are fully employed.
    LRAS
  31. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year, at constant prices, divided by population
    Real GDP per capita
  32. Short-term unemployment when people move between jobs.
    Frictional
  33. The proportion of extra income that is saved
    MPS
  34. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year at current prices, divided by population
    Nominal GDP per capita
  35. The movement of money between households, firms, government and abroad
    Circular flow of income
  36. S, T, M
    Leakages
  37. When actual GDP exceeds potential GDP, creating inflationary pressure.
    Positive output gap