BudgetdeficitWhengovernmentspendingexceeds taxrevenue in ayearCost-pushInflationcaused byrisingproductioncosts.FrictionalShort-termunemploymentwhen peoplemove betweenjobs.ADThe total demandfor goods andservices in aneconomy at agiven price leveland time.LRASThe maximumproductivepotential of theeconomy whenall resources arefully employed.KeynesianModelThe view thatAD determinesoutput andgovernmentintervention isoften neededStagflationRising inflationcombined withrisingunemploymentand stagnantgrowth.NationaldebtThe totalaccumulationof pastgovernmentborrowingDeflationA sustainedfall in thegeneralprice level.PositiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP exceedspotential GDP,creatinginflationarypressure.BusinesscycleFluctuationsin economicactivityDemand-pullInflationcaused byexcessdemand inthe economy.SeasonalUnemploymentoccurring atcertain timesof the year.NominalGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year atcurrent prices,divided by populationCircularflow ofincomeThe movement ofmoney betweenhouseholds,firms,government andabroadMPCTheproportion ofextra incomethat is spentCPIThe mainmeasure ofinflation basedon a basket ofgoods andservices.RealGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year, at constantpricesNominalGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year at currentpricesMPSTheproportion ofextra incomethat is savedEconomicGrowthAn increase inthe productivecapacity of theeconomy,shown by a risein real GDPMultipliereffectThe process bywhich an initialchange inspending leadsto a largerchange in GDPLeakagesS, T,MUnemploymentWhen peoplewilling andable to workcannot find ajob.FiscalpolicyGovernmentuse of taxationand spendingto influencethe economy.MonetarypolicyCentral bankcontrol of interestrates and moneysupply toinfluence theeconomy.SRASThe relationshipbetween pricelevel and outputwhen wagesand some costsare fixed.NegtiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP is belowpotential GDP,creatingunemployment.ClassicalModelThe view thatmarkets self-correct and theeconomy operatesat full capacity inthe long run.RealGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year, atconstant prices,divided by populationInflationA sustainedincrease inthe generalprice level.CyclicalUnemploymentcaused by alack ofdemand duringa recession.InjectionsG, I,XInterestrateThe cost ofborrowingmoney or thereward forsaving.RPIAn oldermeasure ofinflationincludinghousing costs.DisinflationA fall inthe rate ofinflation.StructuralUnemploymentcaused by amismatch ofskills and jobrequirements.BudgetdeficitWhengovernmentspendingexceeds taxrevenue in ayearCost-pushInflationcaused byrisingproductioncosts.FrictionalShort-termunemploymentwhen peoplemove betweenjobs.ADThe total demandfor goods andservices in aneconomy at agiven price leveland time.LRASThe maximumproductivepotential of theeconomy whenall resources arefully employed.KeynesianModelThe view thatAD determinesoutput andgovernmentintervention isoften neededStagflationRising inflationcombined withrisingunemploymentand stagnantgrowth.NationaldebtThe totalaccumulationof pastgovernmentborrowingDeflationA sustainedfall in thegeneralprice level.PositiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP exceedspotential GDP,creatinginflationarypressure.BusinesscycleFluctuationsin economicactivityDemand-pullInflationcaused byexcessdemand inthe economy.SeasonalUnemploymentoccurring atcertain timesof the year.NominalGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year atcurrent prices,divided by populationCircularflow ofincomeThe movement ofmoney betweenhouseholds,firms,government andabroadMPCTheproportion ofextra incomethat is spentCPIThe mainmeasure ofinflation basedon a basket ofgoods andservices.RealGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year, at constantpricesNominalGDPThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods andservices producedwithin a country ina year at currentpricesMPSTheproportion ofextra incomethat is savedEconomicGrowthAn increase inthe productivecapacity of theeconomy,shown by a risein real GDPMultipliereffectThe process bywhich an initialchange inspending leadsto a largerchange in GDPLeakagesS, T,MUnemploymentWhen peoplewilling andable to workcannot find ajob.FiscalpolicyGovernmentuse of taxationand spendingto influencethe economy.MonetarypolicyCentral bankcontrol of interestrates and moneysupply toinfluence theeconomy.SRASThe relationshipbetween pricelevel and outputwhen wagesand some costsare fixed.NegtiveoutputgapWhen actualGDP is belowpotential GDP,creatingunemployment.ClassicalModelThe view thatmarkets self-correct and theeconomy operatesat full capacity inthe long run.RealGDP percapitaThe total monetaryvalue of all finalgoods and servicesproduced within acountry in a year, atconstant prices,divided by populationInflationA sustainedincrease inthe generalprice level.CyclicalUnemploymentcaused by alack ofdemand duringa recession.InjectionsG, I,XInterestrateThe cost ofborrowingmoney or thereward forsaving.RPIAn oldermeasure ofinflationincludinghousing costs.DisinflationA fall inthe rate ofinflation.StructuralUnemploymentcaused by amismatch ofskills and jobrequirements.

Macro Bingo - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. When government spending exceeds tax revenue in a year
    Budget deficit
  2. Inflation caused by rising production costs.
    Cost-push
  3. Short-term unemployment when people move between jobs.
    Frictional
  4. The total demand for goods and services in an economy at a given price level and time.
    AD
  5. The maximum productive potential of the economy when all resources are fully employed.
    LRAS
  6. The view that AD determines output and government intervention is often needed
    Keynesian Model
  7. Rising inflation combined with rising unemployment and stagnant growth.
    Stagflation
  8. The total accumulation of past government borrowing
    National debt
  9. A sustained fall in the general price level.
    Deflation
  10. When actual GDP exceeds potential GDP, creating inflationary pressure.
    Positive output gap
  11. Fluctuations in economic activity
    Business cycle
  12. Inflation caused by excess demand in the economy.
    Demand-pull
  13. Unemployment occurring at certain times of the year.
    Seasonal
  14. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year at current prices, divided by population
    Nominal GDP per capita
  15. The movement of money between households, firms, government and abroad
    Circular flow of income
  16. The proportion of extra income that is spent
    MPC
  17. The main measure of inflation based on a basket of goods and services.
    CPI
  18. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year, at constant prices
    Real GDP
  19. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year at current prices
    Nominal GDP
  20. The proportion of extra income that is saved
    MPS
  21. An increase in the productive capacity of the economy, shown by a rise in real GDP
    Economic Growth
  22. The process by which an initial change in spending leads to a larger change in GDP
    Multiplier effect
  23. S, T, M
    Leakages
  24. When people willing and able to work cannot find a job.
    Unemployment
  25. Government use of taxation and spending to influence the economy.
    Fiscal policy
  26. Central bank control of interest rates and money supply to influence the economy.
    Monetary policy
  27. The relationship between price level and output when wages and some costs are fixed.
    SRAS
  28. When actual GDP is below potential GDP, creating unemployment.
    Negtive output gap
  29. The view that markets self-correct and the economy operates at full capacity in the long run.
    Classical Model
  30. The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year, at constant prices, divided by population
    Real GDP per capita
  31. A sustained increase in the general price level.
    Inflation
  32. Unemployment caused by a lack of demand during a recession.
    Cyclical
  33. G, I, X
    Injections
  34. The cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving.
    Interest rate
  35. An older measure of inflation including housing costs.
    RPI
  36. A fall in the rate of inflation.
    Disinflation
  37. Unemployment caused by a mismatch of skills and job requirements.
    Structural