positivepunishmentA distastefulstimulus followsa bad behaviorand leads to adecrease in thatbehavior.variable ratioreinforcementa reinforcer is givenafter a varyingnumber of correctresponses. Leadsto lasting behaviorchange.positivereinforcementsomethingdesired is addedin order to getthe behavior tohappen againCRConditionedresponse:everytime thebell rings,Rover salivatesnegativepunishmentdecreasesbehavior byremoving adesired stimulusfollowing thatbehaviornegativereinforcementused to get a behaviorto continue, but itinvolves taking awayan undesired stimulus.For example, if a childtakes out the garbage(behavior) and hermother stops nagging,insightlearningLearningusingthought andreasonfixed intervalreinforcementA reinforcer is givenafter a fixed period oftime.The behaviorchanges rapidly andis anticipated as thefixed time drawscloser.explicitmemorymemories thatrequire some effortto recallsub categoriesare: working,episodic, semanticCSThe bell becomesa conditionedstimulus onceRover beginssalivating eachtime it rings.observationallearningLearning bywatchingandmimickingothersgeneralizationoccurs when an organismresponds to a secondstimulus similar to theoriginal CS withoutadditional training orpairing with the secondstimulus. Ex. having fear ofall furry animals not just adog.extinctionWhen thereinforcement stopscausing the gradualprocess ofweakening (and theeventualdisappearance) ofthe CRspontaneousrecoveryIf a person sees a dog onthe street after many yearsof no dog conflicts, they willlikely have a fear reaction,but it will be less intenseand will extinguish soonerthan last time. Thisphenomenon is referred toasdiscriminationan organism onlyresponds to theexact CS. Ex. nlyafraid of germanshepherds and notother dogsoperantconditioninga learning process inwhich voluntarybehavior is shapedby its consequences.EX. the Skinner Box.variableintervalreinforcementA response isrewarded after anunpredictable timehas elapsed. Slowsteady rate ofresponse. Waiting fora wave to surf.implicitmemorymemories occur atthe unconsciouslevel and influenceour behaviorwithout ourawareness. likeriding a bikemnemonicdevice(acronyms, rhymes,and songs) can helpbring meaning ororganization wherethere wasn't anypreviously. Ex. Roy GBivfixed ratioReinforcementA reinforcer isgiven after a fixednumber of positiveresponses.produces rapidsteady learning.chunkingGroupinginformation toincrease thepotential forshort-termmemory.acquisitionWhen stimuluscomes to evokethe CR. The dogbegins salivatingto a bell withoutfood present.UCSthe stimulus thatnaturally evokedan action orbehavior.Unconditionedstimulus: Ex.Rover's foodUCRa response thatoccurs naturally(like a reflex).Ex. Rover'ssalivating beforethe conditioning ofthe bell.positivepunishmentA distastefulstimulus followsa bad behaviorand leads to adecrease in thatbehavior.variable ratioreinforcementa reinforcer is givenafter a varyingnumber of correctresponses. Leadsto lasting behaviorchange.positivereinforcementsomethingdesired is addedin order to getthe behavior tohappen againCRConditionedresponse:everytime thebell rings,Rover salivatesnegativepunishmentdecreasesbehavior byremoving adesired stimulusfollowing thatbehaviornegativereinforcementused to get a behaviorto continue, but itinvolves taking awayan undesired stimulus.For example, if a childtakes out the garbage(behavior) and hermother stops nagging,insightlearningLearningusingthought andreasonfixed intervalreinforcementA reinforcer is givenafter a fixed period oftime.The behaviorchanges rapidly andis anticipated as thefixed time drawscloser.explicitmemorymemories thatrequire some effortto recallsub categoriesare: working,episodic, semanticCSThe bell becomesa conditionedstimulus onceRover beginssalivating eachtime it rings.observationallearningLearning bywatchingandmimickingothersgeneralizationoccurs when an organismresponds to a secondstimulus similar to theoriginal CS withoutadditional training orpairing with the secondstimulus. Ex. having fear ofall furry animals not just adog.extinctionWhen thereinforcement stopscausing the gradualprocess ofweakening (and theeventualdisappearance) ofthe CRspontaneousrecoveryIf a person sees a dog onthe street after many yearsof no dog conflicts, they willlikely have a fear reaction,but it will be less intenseand will extinguish soonerthan last time. Thisphenomenon is referred toasdiscriminationan organism onlyresponds to theexact CS. Ex. nlyafraid of germanshepherds and notother dogsoperantconditioninga learning process inwhich voluntarybehavior is shapedby its consequences.EX. the Skinner Box.variableintervalreinforcementA response isrewarded after anunpredictable timehas elapsed. Slowsteady rate ofresponse. Waiting fora wave to surf.implicitmemorymemories occur atthe unconsciouslevel and influenceour behaviorwithout ourawareness. likeriding a bikemnemonicdevice(acronyms, rhymes,and songs) can helpbring meaning ororganization wherethere wasn't anypreviously. Ex. Roy GBivfixed ratioReinforcementA reinforcer isgiven after a fixednumber of positiveresponses.produces rapidsteady learning.chunkingGroupinginformation toincrease thepotential forshort-termmemory.acquisitionWhen stimuluscomes to evokethe CR. The dogbegins salivatingto a bell withoutfood present.UCSthe stimulus thatnaturally evokedan action orbehavior.Unconditionedstimulus: Ex.Rover's foodUCRa response thatoccurs naturally(like a reflex).Ex. Rover'ssalivating beforethe conditioning ofthe bell.

Unit 4 Review Psychology - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. A distasteful stimulus follows a bad behavior and leads to a decrease in that behavior.
    positive punishment
  2. a reinforcer is given after a varying number of correct responses. Leads to lasting behavior change.
    variable ratio reinforcement
  3. something desired is added in order to get the behavior to happen again
    positive reinforcement
  4. Conditioned response: everytime the bell rings, Rover salivates
    CR
  5. decreases behavior by removing a desired stimulus following that behavior
    negative punishment
  6. used to get a behavior to continue, but it involves taking away an undesired stimulus. For example, if a child takes out the garbage (behavior) and her mother stops nagging,
    negative reinforcement
  7. Learning using thought and reason
    insight learning
  8. A reinforcer is given after a fixed period of time.The behavior changes rapidly and is anticipated as the fixed time draws closer.
    fixed interval reinforcement
  9. memories that require some effort to recall sub categories are: working, episodic, semantic
    explicit memory
  10. The bell becomes a conditioned stimulus once Rover begins salivating each time it rings.
    CS
  11. Learning by watching and mimicking others
    observational learning
  12. occurs when an organism responds to a second stimulus similar to the original CS without additional training or pairing with the second stimulus. Ex. having fear of all furry animals not just a dog.
    generalization
  13. When the reinforcement stops causing the gradual process of weakening (and the eventual disappearance) of the CR
    extinction
  14. If a person sees a dog on the street after many years of no dog conflicts, they will likely have a fear reaction, but it will be less intense and will extinguish sooner than last time. This phenomenon is referred to as
    spontaneous recovery
  15. an organism only responds to the exact CS. Ex. nly afraid of german shepherds and not other dogs
    discrimination
  16. a learning process in which voluntary behavior is shaped by its consequences. EX. the Skinner Box.
    operant conditioning
  17. A response is rewarded after an unpredictable time has elapsed. Slow steady rate of response. Waiting for a wave to surf.
    variable interval reinforcement
  18. memories occur at the unconscious level and influence our behavior without our awareness. like riding a bike
    implicit memory
  19. (acronyms, rhymes, and songs) can help bring meaning or organization where there wasn't any previously. Ex. Roy G Biv
    mnemonic device
  20. A reinforcer is given after a fixed number of positive responses. produces rapid steady learning.
    fixed ratio Reinforcement
  21. Grouping information to increase the potential for short-term memory.
    chunking
  22. When stimulus comes to evoke the CR. The dog begins salivating to a bell without food present.
    acquisition
  23. the stimulus that naturally evoked an action or behavior. Unconditioned stimulus: Ex. Rover's food
    UCS
  24. a response that occurs naturally (like a reflex). Ex. Rover's salivating before the conditioning of the bell.
    UCR