(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.
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Convergence
when languages come to structurally resemble one another as a result of prolonged language contact and mutual interference
Dispreferred second pair part
second part of adjacency pair, response to the first part that is generally to be avoided or not expected
Phatic communion
cliche phrases and small-talk used to establish a social relationship (how are you, nice weather we’re having, etc.)
Overt Prestige
how people should speak in order to gain status within a community according to standard dialect
Language death
a phenomenon that occurs when a language loses its last native speaker, different from language extinction
Linguistic insecurity
feeling of anxiety, self-conciousness, lack of confidence in one’s mind about their use of language
Acquiescence Bias
response bias common to survey research where respondents tend to select a positive response or indicate a positive connotation disproportionately more frequently
Language shift
a process in which a community gradually switches to another language
Divergence
When a language breaks down and eventually forms two different languages
Dialect
a variation of a language spoken only by individuals in a certain region or group, can include changes in pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary
Feedback (back-channeling)
responses and feedback given while another person is speaking to show interest (mhmm, yeah, right, etc.)
Isogloss
a geographic boundary that separates areas with different linguistic features, also known as a heterogloss
Codification
the development and methods by which a language is standardized
Hypercorrection
when rules of grammar and language are misapplied, over applied, or otherwise used in a way that tries to create correct usage of the English language and thereby gets it wrong (for example: saying “it is I”, which is incorrect, rather than “it i
Accomodation (Speech Accommodation Theory)
how people adjust how they speak in social interactions and what the consequences of this are (people match how they speak to how the people they are talking to speak to present a positive version of themselves)
Adjacency Pairs
conversational turn taking, composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other
Audience Design
the way that we change how we speak based on who we are talking to, for example we speak differently to teachers, friends, younger kids, etc.
Linguistic determinism
one’s language determines the way one’s mind is constructs categories, language patterns lead to different patterns in thought
Language attitudes
one’s reaction to different language variations due to social categorization and stereotyping
Covert Prestige
scenario where nonstandard languages or dialects are regarded to be of higher linguistic prestige, how people should speak to be apart of a specific community
Lexis
the complete set of all words in a given language or a subset of words grouped by specific linguistic features
the reasons why language is used, such as to communicate ideas, maintain relationships, and express feelings
the reasons why language is used, such as to communicate ideas, maintain relationships, and express feelings
Regionalism
feature of language particular to certain region, not standard to the language of the country
Lingua franca
a language chosen as a common language between speakers with different native languages, also known as a bridge language
