one’s languagedetermines the wayone’s mind isconstructscategories, languagepatterns lead todifferent patterns inthoughtLinguisticdeterminismresponse bias commonto survey researchwhere respondentstend to select apositive response orindicate a positiveconnotationdisproportionatelymore frequently AcquiescenceBiashow people adjust howthey speak in socialinteractions and what theconsequences of this are(people match how theyspeak to how the peoplethey are talking to speak topresent a positive versionof themselves)Accomodation(SpeechAccommodationTheory)one’s reaction todifferent languagevariations due tosocialcategorization andstereotypingLanguageattitudesfeature oflanguageparticular tocertain region, notstandard to thelanguage of thecountryRegionalismfeeling of anxiety,self-conciousness,lack of confidence inone’s mind abouttheir use of language Linguisticinsecuritythedevelopmentand methodsby which alanguage isstandardized Codificationscenario wherenonstandardlanguages or dialectsare regarded to be ofhigher linguisticprestige, how peopleshould speak to beapart of a specificcommunity CovertPrestigeconversationalturn taking,composed of twoutterances by twospeakers, oneafter the other AdjacencyPairsthe way that wechange how wespeak based on whowe are talking to, forexample we speakdifferently toteachers, friends,younger kids, etc.AudienceDesigncliche phrases andsmall-talk used toestablish a socialrelationship (how areyou, nice weatherwe’re having, etc.)Phaticcommuniona variation of alanguage spoken onlyby individuals in acertain region or group,can include changes inpronunciation,grammar, and/orvocabulary Dialectwhen languagescome to structurallyresemble oneanother as a result ofprolonged languagecontact and mutualinterferenceConvergencea phenomenon thatoccurs when alanguage loses itslast native speaker,different fromlanguage extinctionLanguagedeathhow people shouldspeak in order togain status withina communityaccording tostandard dialectOvertPrestigesecond part ofadjacency pair,response to thefirst part that isgenerally to beavoided or notexpectedDispreferredsecond pairparta geographicboundary thatseparates areas withdifferent linguisticfeatures, also knownas a heterogloss Isoglossthe reasons whylanguage is used,such as tocommunicate ideas,maintainrelationships, andexpress feelingsthe reasons whylanguage is used,such as tocommunicate ideas,maintainrelationships, andexpress feelingsthe complete set ofall words in a givenlanguage or asubset of wordsgrouped by specificlinguistic featuresLexisWhen a languagebreaks down andeventually formstwo differentlanguages Divergencea language chosenas a commonlanguage betweenspeakers withdifferent nativelanguages, alsoknown as a bridgelanguageLinguafrancawhen rules of grammar andlanguage are misapplied,over applied, or otherwiseused in a way that tries tocreate correct usage of theEnglish language andthereby gets it wrong (forexample: saying “it is I”,which is incorrect, ratherthan “it iHypercorrectionresponses andfeedback givenwhile anotherperson is speakingto show interest(mhmm, yeah, right,etc.)Feedback(back-channeling)a process in whicha communitygradually switchesto anotherlanguageLanguageshiftone’s languagedetermines the wayone’s mind isconstructscategories, languagepatterns lead todifferent patterns inthoughtLinguisticdeterminismresponse bias commonto survey researchwhere respondentstend to select apositive response orindicate a positiveconnotationdisproportionatelymore frequently AcquiescenceBiashow people adjust howthey speak in socialinteractions and what theconsequences of this are(people match how theyspeak to how the peoplethey are talking to speak topresent a positive versionof themselves)Accomodation(SpeechAccommodationTheory)one’s reaction todifferent languagevariations due tosocialcategorization andstereotypingLanguageattitudesfeature oflanguageparticular tocertain region, notstandard to thelanguage of thecountryRegionalismfeeling of anxiety,self-conciousness,lack of confidence inone’s mind abouttheir use of language Linguisticinsecuritythedevelopmentand methodsby which alanguage isstandardized Codificationscenario wherenonstandardlanguages or dialectsare regarded to be ofhigher linguisticprestige, how peopleshould speak to beapart of a specificcommunity CovertPrestigeconversationalturn taking,composed of twoutterances by twospeakers, oneafter the other AdjacencyPairsthe way that wechange how wespeak based on whowe are talking to, forexample we speakdifferently toteachers, friends,younger kids, etc.AudienceDesigncliche phrases andsmall-talk used toestablish a socialrelationship (how areyou, nice weatherwe’re having, etc.)Phaticcommuniona variation of alanguage spoken onlyby individuals in acertain region or group,can include changes inpronunciation,grammar, and/orvocabulary Dialectwhen languagescome to structurallyresemble oneanother as a result ofprolonged languagecontact and mutualinterferenceConvergencea phenomenon thatoccurs when alanguage loses itslast native speaker,different fromlanguage extinctionLanguagedeathhow people shouldspeak in order togain status withina communityaccording tostandard dialectOvertPrestigesecond part ofadjacency pair,response to thefirst part that isgenerally to beavoided or notexpectedDispreferredsecond pairparta geographicboundary thatseparates areas withdifferent linguisticfeatures, also knownas a heterogloss Isoglossthe reasons whylanguage is used,such as tocommunicate ideas,maintainrelationships, andexpress feelingsthe reasons whylanguage is used,such as tocommunicate ideas,maintainrelationships, andexpress feelingsthe complete set ofall words in a givenlanguage or asubset of wordsgrouped by specificlinguistic featuresLexisWhen a languagebreaks down andeventually formstwo differentlanguages Divergencea language chosenas a commonlanguage betweenspeakers withdifferent nativelanguages, alsoknown as a bridgelanguageLinguafrancawhen rules of grammar andlanguage are misapplied,over applied, or otherwiseused in a way that tries tocreate correct usage of theEnglish language andthereby gets it wrong (forexample: saying “it is I”,which is incorrect, ratherthan “it iHypercorrectionresponses andfeedback givenwhile anotherperson is speakingto show interest(mhmm, yeah, right,etc.)Feedback(back-channeling)a process in whicha communitygradually switchesto anotherlanguageLanguageshift

Sociolinguistics Terms - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Linguistic determinism
    one’s language determines the way one’s mind is constructs categories, language patterns lead to different patterns in thought
  2. Acquiescence Bias
    response bias common to survey research where respondents tend to select a positive response or indicate a positive connotation disproportionately more frequently
  3. Accomodation (Speech Accommodation Theory)
    how people adjust how they speak in social interactions and what the consequences of this are (people match how they speak to how the people they are talking to speak to present a positive version of themselves)
  4. Language attitudes
    one’s reaction to different language variations due to social categorization and stereotyping
  5. Regionalism
    feature of language particular to certain region, not standard to the language of the country
  6. Linguistic insecurity
    feeling of anxiety, self-conciousness, lack of confidence in one’s mind about their use of language
  7. Codification
    the development and methods by which a language is standardized
  8. Covert Prestige
    scenario where nonstandard languages or dialects are regarded to be of higher linguistic prestige, how people should speak to be apart of a specific community
  9. Adjacency Pairs
    conversational turn taking, composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other
  10. Audience Design
    the way that we change how we speak based on who we are talking to, for example we speak differently to teachers, friends, younger kids, etc.
  11. Phatic communion
    cliche phrases and small-talk used to establish a social relationship (how are you, nice weather we’re having, etc.)
  12. Dialect
    a variation of a language spoken only by individuals in a certain region or group, can include changes in pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary
  13. Convergence
    when languages come to structurally resemble one another as a result of prolonged language contact and mutual interference
  14. Language death
    a phenomenon that occurs when a language loses its last native speaker, different from language extinction
  15. Overt Prestige
    how people should speak in order to gain status within a community according to standard dialect
  16. Dispreferred second pair part
    second part of adjacency pair, response to the first part that is generally to be avoided or not expected
  17. Isogloss
    a geographic boundary that separates areas with different linguistic features, also known as a heterogloss
  18. the reasons why language is used, such as to communicate ideas, maintain relationships, and express feelings
    the reasons why language is used, such as to communicate ideas, maintain relationships, and express feelings
  19. Lexis
    the complete set of all words in a given language or a subset of words grouped by specific linguistic features
  20. Divergence
    When a language breaks down and eventually forms two different languages
  21. Lingua franca
    a language chosen as a common language between speakers with different native languages, also known as a bridge language
  22. Hypercorrection
    when rules of grammar and language are misapplied, over applied, or otherwise used in a way that tries to create correct usage of the English language and thereby gets it wrong (for example: saying “it is I”, which is incorrect, rather than “it i
  23. Feedback (back-channeling)
    responses and feedback given while another person is speaking to show interest (mhmm, yeah, right, etc.)
  24. Language shift
    a process in which a community gradually switches to another language