apoptosis programmed cell death cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis nucleus control center; holds DNA, characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol Sodium potassium pump helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells apoptosis programmed cell death cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis nucleus control center; holds DNA, characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol Sodium potassium pump helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
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programmed cell death
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
maintaining stable internal conditions
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
control center; holds DNA,
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
Sodium potassium pump
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
cell structures for movement
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
