prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst Sodium potassium pump exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol nucleus control center; holds DNA, homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein apoptosis programmed cell death polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst Sodium potassium pump exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol nucleus control center; holds DNA, homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein apoptosis programmed cell death polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
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simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
Sodium potassium pump
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
cell structures for movement
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
control center; holds DNA,
maintaining stable internal conditions
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
programmed cell death
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
