exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks nucleus control center; holds DNA, mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell Sodium potassium pump active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell apoptosis programmed cell death exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks nucleus control center; holds DNA, mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell Sodium potassium pump active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell apoptosis programmed cell death
(Print)
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
control center; holds DNA,
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
maintaining stable internal conditions
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
Sodium potassium pump
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
cell structures for movement
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
programmed cell death
