cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells apoptosis programmed cell death ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation nucleus control center; holds DNA, Sodium potassium pump mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells apoptosis programmed cell death ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation nucleus control center; holds DNA, Sodium potassium pump mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
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process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
programmed cell death
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
maintaining stable internal conditions
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
cell structures for movement
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
control center; holds DNA,
Sodium potassium pump
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
