lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions Sodium potassium pump positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability nucleus control center; holds DNA, G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis apoptosis programmed cell death mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions Sodium potassium pump positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability nucleus control center; holds DNA, G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis apoptosis programmed cell death mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
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dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
maintaining stable internal conditions
Sodium potassium pump
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
cell structures for movement
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
control center; holds DNA,
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
programmed cell death
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
