G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small nucleus control center; holds DNA, isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules apoptosis programmed cell death telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA Sodium potassium pump active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small nucleus control center; holds DNA, isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules apoptosis programmed cell death telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA Sodium potassium pump active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
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end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
control center; holds DNA,
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
programmed cell death
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
maintaining stable internal conditions
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
Sodium potassium pump
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
cell structures for movement
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
