anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells Sodium potassium pump chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair apoptosis programmed cell death cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells nucleus control center; holds DNA, endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells Sodium potassium pump chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair apoptosis programmed cell death cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells nucleus control center; holds DNA, endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
(Print)
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
Sodium potassium pump
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
programmed cell death
cell structures for movement
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
control center; holds DNA,
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
maintaining stable internal conditions
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
