prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability nucleus control center; holds DNA, tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions Sodium potassium pump cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm apoptosis programmed cell death positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability nucleus control center; holds DNA, tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions Sodium potassium pump cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm apoptosis programmed cell death positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
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chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
cell structures for movement
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
control center; holds DNA,
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
maintaining stable internal conditions
Sodium potassium pump
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
programmed cell death
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
