endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells gene expression
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins Sodium potassium pump cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration apoptosis programmed cell death eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor nucleus control center; holds DNA, tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria endocytosis cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules RNA single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm homeostasis maintaining stable internal conditions ribosomes, ER, and Golgi apparatus organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell anaerobic respiration; fermentation breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol G0 extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate hypotonic water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst mutation any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence S phase part of interphase when DNA replication occurs cell membrane, plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits G1 cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size G2 end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis rRNA makes up ribosomes - site of translation interphase cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2 mRNA single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein carcinogen anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses negative feedback maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability endosymbiosis; endosymbiotic theory larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis exocytosis cell uses membrane to remove large molecules lytic cycle active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles mitochondria makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells positive feedback loop enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable ribosome site of protein synthesis; found in all cells gene expression The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins Sodium potassium pump cytokinesis cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells replication semi- conservative process for making a copy of DNA DNA double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code helicase enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication chloroplast site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs mitosis asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells characteristics of viruses nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small lysogenic cycle dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so- gently; HIV, herpes, shingles metaphase chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers cilia, flagella, pseudopods cell structures for movement prophase chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down hypertonic salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks isotonic water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal polymerase enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP anaphase chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell active transport energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration apoptosis programmed cell death eukaryote eukaryotic complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists cancer uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor nucleus control center; holds DNA, tRNA during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon passive transport No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration glucose carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy cell cycle cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair cell differentiation process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions telophase chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms prokaryote prokaryotic simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
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cell membrane engulfs and brings in large molecules
single stranded nucleic acid; 3 types - messenger, transfer, and ribosomal; found in nucleus and cytoplasm
maintaining stable internal conditions
organelles responsible for producing new molecules within a cell
breakdown of glucose without oxygen; produces ~2 ATP and lactic acid or alcohol
extended resting phase; cell does cell job, but doesn't replicate
water moves into cell; cell swells "O", may burst
any change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
part of interphase when DNA replication occurs
membrane that maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters or exits
cell is carrying out normal functions; grows to normal size
end of interphase; cell prepares for mitosis
makes up ribosomes - site of translation
cell's routine functions; growing and preparing for division; G1, S, and G2
single strand made from DNA in the nucleus during transcription; instructions for protein
anything that damages DNA and causes cancer; chemicals, radiation, viruses
maintaining homeostasis by counteracting a change to return to stability
larger, more complex eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing small prokaryotes - sybiosis
cell uses membrane to remove large molecules
active viral reproduction; ick sick quick; influenza, measles
makes energy/ATP through cellular respiration; eukaryotic cells
enhance or amplify changes; tends to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable
site of protein synthesis; found in all cells
The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins
Sodium potassium pump
cytoplasm is divided resulting in 2 new cells
semi-conservative process for making a copy of DNA
double stranded nucleic acid found in nucleus; made of nucleotides; genetic code
enzyme responsible for "unzipping" DNA for replication
site of photosynthesis; found in plants and other autotrophs
asexual cell reproduction; makes identical daughter cells
nonliving; made of protein and DNA or RNA; need host cell, extremely small
dormant virus joins host DNA and is copied into new cells; lys-so-gently; HIV, herpes, shingles
chromosomes line up at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers
cell structures for movement
chromosomes condense and become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down
salt sucks; water moves out; cell shrinks
water moves in/out of cell at same rate; cell size is normal
enzyme responsible for adding complementary base pairs during replication
breakdown of glucose using oxygen; produces ~36 ATP
chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
energy needed, movement across a membrane from low to high concentration
programmed cell death
complex cell with nucleus, linear DNA, and membrane bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
uncontrolled cell division; results in tumor
control center; holds DNA,
during translation brings amino acid to build protein based on mRNA codon
No energy; movement across a membrane from high to low concentration
carbohydrate made during photosynthesis; main source of cell energy
cell life cycle that includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis for growth and development and repair
process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear envelope reforms
simple cell with a membrane, circular DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasm; bacteria
