LOFTUSANDPALMERINVESTIGATEDWHETHER LEADINGQUESTIONS WOULDINFLUENCEACCURACY OFRECALL OF A CARACCIDENTSYSTEM2THINKINGRATIONAL,CONCIOUS ANDSLOW FORM OFTHINKING THATREQUIRES MORECOGNITIVEEFFORTBARTLETTCONDUCTEDTHE WAR OFTHEGHOSTSSTUDYBRANSFORDANDJOHNSONTESTED WHETHERSCHEMA ACTIVATIONWOULD INFLUENCERECALL ANDCOMPREHENSIONOF AN AMBIGUOSPASSAGEPETERSONANDPETERSONCONDUCTED A LABEXPERIMENT TOTEST DURTION OFSTM AND WHETHERREHEARSAL WASNEEDED FORRECALL OFTRIGRAMSDUALPROCESSINGMODELMODEL THATSUGGESTS THATWE HAVE TWOSYSTEMS OFTHINKING:SYSTEM 1 & 2FOUND THATSPINNING A WHEELOF FORTUNEWHEELINFLUENCEDESTIMATES OFUNRELATEDQUESTIONSTVERKSYANDKAHNEMANENGLICH &MUSSWEILERINVESTIGATEDWHETHERANCHORING BIASWOULD IMPACTRECOMMENDEDSENTENCE LENGTHIN GERMAN TRIALJUDGESSEMANTICMEMORYTYPE OF LTM THATINVOLVES THERECALL OFGENERAL WORLDKNOWLEDGE LIKEFACTS, IDEAS ANDPEOPLEYUILLE &CUTSHALLFOUND THATLEADINGQUESTIONS DIDNOT INFLUENCERECALL OFEYEWITNESSES OFA REAL ROBBERYIN CANADAPROCEDURALMEMORYTYPE OF LTMWHICH INVOLVESTHE RECALL OFHOW TO PERFORMPARTICULARACTIONS ANDSKILLSEPISODICBUFFERPART OF WMM THATIS RESPONSIBLEFOR INTEGRATINGINFORMATION FROMOTHERCOMPONENTS WITHTIME SEQUENCINGEPISODICMEMORYTYPE OF LTM THATINVOLVES THERECALL OFSPECIFIC EVENTSFROM ONE'SPERSONAL PASTSHAROTET ALCONDUCTED A QUASIEXPERIMENT WITHPARTICIPANTS IN NEWYORK ON 9/11 TOINVESTIGATE THE ROLEOF THE AMYGDALA INTHE RETRIEVAL OFFLASHBULB MEMORIESPHONOLOGICALLOOPPART OF WMMRESPONSIBILEFORPROCESSINGAUDITORYINFORMATIONAND LANGUAGEALTER ANDOPPENHEIMERINVESTIGATEDWHETHER TESTFLUENCY WOULDIMPACTPERFORMANCE ONCOGNITIVEREASONING TESTMISINFORMATIONEFFECTREFERS TO WHENPOST EVENINFORMATIONINFLUENCES THEACCURACY OFRECALL OF ANEVENTMULTISTOREMODELONE OF EARLIESTMODELS TOPROVIDE A BASICOVERVIEW OFMEMORY WHICH ISNOW CRITICISEDFOR BEING TOOSIMPLISTICEPISODICBUFFERCOMPONENT OFWMM BINDS ANDINTEGRATESINFORMATIONFROM ALL OTHERCOMPONENTSTOGETHER WITHTIME SEQUECINGSCHEMAAN ORGANISED MENTALFRAMEWORK STOREDIN LTM THAT CONTAINSEVERYTHING YOUKNOW ABOUT APERSON, PLACE,EVENTOR OBJECTNEISSER&HARSCHSTUDIED FLASHBULBMEMORIES OF THECHALLENGER DISASTERAND FOUND THATALTHOUGHPARTICIPANTS WERECONFIDENT ABOUTTHEIR MEMORIES THEYWERE NOT ACCURATEHIPPOCAMPUSPART OF THETEMPORAL LOBEWHICH ISRESPONSIBLEFOR THETRANSFER OFSTM TO LTMPSYCHOLOGISTWHOPROPOSED THEDUALPROCESSINGMODELKAHNEMANSHORTTERMMEMORYPART OF MSMTHAT IS SAID TOHAVE ACAPACITY FOR7+-2 UNITS OFINFORMATIONGILEADET ALUSED FMRI SCANNERSTO SEE WHETHERDIFFERENT AREAS OFTHE BRAIN WEREACTIVE WHENANSWERING CONCRETEOR ABSTRACTQUESTIONSFLASHBULBMEMORYA HIGHLY DETAILEDAND VIVIDMEMORY OF THEMOMENT APERSON LEARNEDABOUT ASHOCKING EVENTANCHORINGBIASTENDENCY TORELY TOOHEAVILY ONFIRST PIECE OFINFORMATIONENCOUNTEREDSYSTEM1AN AUTOMATICAND INTUITIVEWAY OF THINKINGTHAT DOES NOTPLACE HIGHDEMANDS ONWORKINGMEMORYLOFTUSANDPALMERINVESTIGATEDWHETHER LEADINGQUESTIONS WOULDINFLUENCEACCURACY OFRECALL OF A CARACCIDENTSYSTEM2THINKINGRATIONAL,CONCIOUS ANDSLOW FORM OFTHINKING THATREQUIRES MORECOGNITIVEEFFORTBARTLETTCONDUCTEDTHE WAR OFTHEGHOSTSSTUDYBRANSFORDANDJOHNSONTESTED WHETHERSCHEMA ACTIVATIONWOULD INFLUENCERECALL ANDCOMPREHENSIONOF AN AMBIGUOSPASSAGEPETERSONANDPETERSONCONDUCTED A LABEXPERIMENT TOTEST DURTION OFSTM AND WHETHERREHEARSAL WASNEEDED FORRECALL OFTRIGRAMSDUALPROCESSINGMODELMODEL THATSUGGESTS THATWE HAVE TWOSYSTEMS OFTHINKING:SYSTEM 1 & 2FOUND THATSPINNING A WHEELOF FORTUNEWHEELINFLUENCEDESTIMATES OFUNRELATEDQUESTIONSTVERKSYANDKAHNEMANENGLICH &MUSSWEILERINVESTIGATEDWHETHERANCHORING BIASWOULD IMPACTRECOMMENDEDSENTENCE LENGTHIN GERMAN TRIALJUDGESSEMANTICMEMORYTYPE OF LTM THATINVOLVES THERECALL OFGENERAL WORLDKNOWLEDGE LIKEFACTS, IDEAS ANDPEOPLEYUILLE &CUTSHALLFOUND THATLEADINGQUESTIONS DIDNOT INFLUENCERECALL OFEYEWITNESSES OFA REAL ROBBERYIN CANADAPROCEDURALMEMORYTYPE OF LTMWHICH INVOLVESTHE RECALL OFHOW TO PERFORMPARTICULARACTIONS ANDSKILLSEPISODICBUFFERPART OF WMM THATIS RESPONSIBLEFOR INTEGRATINGINFORMATION FROMOTHERCOMPONENTS WITHTIME SEQUENCINGEPISODICMEMORYTYPE OF LTM THATINVOLVES THERECALL OFSPECIFIC EVENTSFROM ONE'SPERSONAL PASTSHAROTET ALCONDUCTED A QUASIEXPERIMENT WITHPARTICIPANTS IN NEWYORK ON 9/11 TOINVESTIGATE THE ROLEOF THE AMYGDALA INTHE RETRIEVAL OFFLASHBULB MEMORIESPHONOLOGICALLOOPPART OF WMMRESPONSIBILEFORPROCESSINGAUDITORYINFORMATIONAND LANGUAGEALTER ANDOPPENHEIMERINVESTIGATEDWHETHER TESTFLUENCY WOULDIMPACTPERFORMANCE ONCOGNITIVEREASONING TESTMISINFORMATIONEFFECTREFERS TO WHENPOST EVENINFORMATIONINFLUENCES THEACCURACY OFRECALL OF ANEVENTMULTISTOREMODELONE OF EARLIESTMODELS TOPROVIDE A BASICOVERVIEW OFMEMORY WHICH ISNOW CRITICISEDFOR BEING TOOSIMPLISTICEPISODICBUFFERCOMPONENT OFWMM BINDS ANDINTEGRATESINFORMATIONFROM ALL OTHERCOMPONENTSTOGETHER WITHTIME SEQUECINGSCHEMAAN ORGANISED MENTALFRAMEWORK STOREDIN LTM THAT CONTAINSEVERYTHING YOUKNOW ABOUT APERSON, PLACE,EVENTOR OBJECTNEISSER&HARSCHSTUDIED FLASHBULBMEMORIES OF THECHALLENGER DISASTERAND FOUND THATALTHOUGHPARTICIPANTS WERECONFIDENT ABOUTTHEIR MEMORIES THEYWERE NOT ACCURATEHIPPOCAMPUSPART OF THETEMPORAL LOBEWHICH ISRESPONSIBLEFOR THETRANSFER OFSTM TO LTMPSYCHOLOGISTWHOPROPOSED THEDUALPROCESSINGMODELKAHNEMANSHORTTERMMEMORYPART OF MSMTHAT IS SAID TOHAVE ACAPACITY FOR7+-2 UNITS OFINFORMATIONGILEADET ALUSED FMRI SCANNERSTO SEE WHETHERDIFFERENT AREAS OFTHE BRAIN WEREACTIVE WHENANSWERING CONCRETEOR ABSTRACTQUESTIONSFLASHBULBMEMORYA HIGHLY DETAILEDAND VIVIDMEMORY OF THEMOMENT APERSON LEARNEDABOUT ASHOCKING EVENTANCHORINGBIASTENDENCY TORELY TOOHEAVILY ONFIRST PIECE OFINFORMATIONENCOUNTEREDSYSTEM1AN AUTOMATICAND INTUITIVEWAY OF THINKINGTHAT DOES NOTPLACE HIGHDEMANDS ONWORKINGMEMORY

2022 COGNITIVE APPROACH - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. INVESTIGATED WHETHER LEADING QUESTIONS WOULD INFLUENCE ACCURACY OF RECALL OF A CAR ACCIDENT
    LOFTUS AND PALMER
  2. RATIONAL, CONCIOUS AND SLOW FORM OF THINKING THAT REQUIRES MORE COGNITIVE EFFORT
    SYSTEM 2 THINKING
  3. CONDUCTED THE WAR OF THE GHOSTS STUDY
    BARTLETT
  4. TESTED WHETHER SCHEMA ACTIVATION WOULD INFLUENCE RECALL AND COMPREHENSION OF AN AMBIGUOS PASSAGE
    BRANSFORD AND JOHNSON
  5. CONDUCTED A LAB EXPERIMENT TO TEST DURTION OF STM AND WHETHER REHEARSAL WAS NEEDED FOR RECALL OF TRIGRAMS
    PETERSON AND PETERSON
  6. MODEL THAT SUGGESTS THAT WE HAVE TWO SYSTEMS OF THINKING: SYSTEM 1 & 2
    DUAL PROCESSING MODEL
  7. TVERKSY AND KAHNEMAN
    FOUND THAT SPINNING A WHEEL OF FORTUNE WHEEL INFLUENCED ESTIMATES OF UNRELATED QUESTIONS
  8. INVESTIGATED WHETHER ANCHORING BIAS WOULD IMPACT RECOMMENDED SENTENCE LENGTH IN GERMAN TRIAL JUDGES
    ENGLICH & MUSSWEILER
  9. TYPE OF LTM THAT INVOLVES THE RECALL OF GENERAL WORLD KNOWLEDGE LIKE FACTS, IDEAS AND PEOPLE
    SEMANTIC MEMORY
  10. FOUND THAT LEADING QUESTIONS DID NOT INFLUENCE RECALL OF EYEWITNESSES OF A REAL ROBBERY IN CANADA
    YUILLE & CUTSHALL
  11. TYPE OF LTM WHICH INVOLVES THE RECALL OF HOW TO PERFORM PARTICULAR ACTIONS AND SKILLS
    PROCEDURAL MEMORY
  12. PART OF WMM THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INTEGRATING INFORMATION FROM OTHER COMPONENTS WITH TIME SEQUENCING
    EPISODIC BUFFER
  13. TYPE OF LTM THAT INVOLVES THE RECALL OF SPECIFIC EVENTS FROM ONE'S PERSONAL PAST
    EPISODIC MEMORY
  14. CONDUCTED A QUASI EXPERIMENT WITH PARTICIPANTS IN NEW YORK ON 9/11 TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF THE AMYGDALA IN THE RETRIEVAL OF FLASHBULB MEMORIES
    SHAROT ET AL
  15. PART OF WMM RESPONSIBILE FOR PROCESSING AUDITORY INFORMATION AND LANGUAGE
    PHONOLOGICAL LOOP
  16. INVESTIGATED WHETHER TEST FLUENCY WOULD IMPACT PERFORMANCE ON COGNITIVE REASONING TEST
    ALTER AND OPPENHEIMER
  17. REFERS TO WHEN POST EVEN INFORMATION INFLUENCES THE ACCURACY OF RECALL OF AN EVENT
    MISINFORMATION EFFECT
  18. ONE OF EARLIEST MODELS TO PROVIDE A BASIC OVERVIEW OF MEMORY WHICH IS NOW CRITICISED FOR BEING TOO SIMPLISTIC
    MULTI STORE MODEL
  19. COMPONENT OF WMM BINDS AND INTEGRATES INFORMATION FROM ALL OTHER COMPONENTS TOGETHER WITH TIME SEQUECING
    EPISODIC BUFFER
  20. AN ORGANISED MENTAL FRAMEWORK STORED IN LTM THAT CONTAINS EVERYTHING YOU KNOW ABOUT A PERSON, PLACE,EVENT OR OBJECT
    SCHEMA
  21. STUDIED FLASHBULB MEMORIES OF THE CHALLENGER DISASTER AND FOUND THAT ALTHOUGH PARTICIPANTS WERE CONFIDENT ABOUT THEIR MEMORIES THEY WERE NOT ACCURATE
    NEISSER & HARSCH
  22. PART OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSFER OF STM TO LTM
    HIPPOCAMPUS
  23. KAHNEMAN
    PSYCHOLOGIST WHO PROPOSED THE DUAL PROCESSING MODEL
  24. PART OF MSM THAT IS SAID TO HAVE A CAPACITY FOR 7+-2 UNITS OF INFORMATION
    SHORT TERM MEMORY
  25. USED FMRI SCANNERS TO SEE WHETHER DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE BRAIN WERE ACTIVE WHEN ANSWERING CONCRETE OR ABSTRACT QUESTIONS
    GILEAD ET AL
  26. A HIGHLY DETAILED AND VIVID MEMORY OF THE MOMENT A PERSON LEARNED ABOUT A SHOCKING EVENT
    FLASHBULB MEMORY
  27. TENDENCY TO RELY TOO HEAVILY ON FIRST PIECE OF INFORMATION ENCOUNTERED
    ANCHORING BIAS
  28. AN AUTOMATIC AND INTUITIVE WAY OF THINKING THAT DOES NOT PLACE HIGH DEMANDS ON WORKING MEMORY
    SYSTEM 1