Olfaction Hypothalamus ANS with viscera responses, regulates the ANS with limbic system Phasic Receptors fast adapting receptors Sound Intensity amplitude of sound waves Color Blindness based on lack of cone type; X-lined Organ of Corti houses the receptor cells for hearing Thoracolumbar origin starting places for sympathetic NS; lateral horns Parasympathetic Axon Lengths long preganglionic axon with short postganglionic axon; ganglia close to effector Alpha 1 Receptors adrenergic; always excitatory Arrector Pili Muscle sympathetic impulses cause muscle contraction for thermoregulation Foliate Papillae side of tongue, goes away with age Trans- Retinal version of vitamin A that inhibits rods Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) efferent, unconscious part of the PNS Kidney Referred Pain from umbilical region to back, sometimes lateral thigh region Basilar Membrane moves with sound waves so sound can be perceived Gustation Myopia long eyeball, concave glasses, nearsighted Hearing Fungiform Papillae found all over tongue, have most of the taste buds Interoceptors viscera; inside body Receptive Field area that stimuli can be picked up by the senses Salty Tastes ionized molecules Pancreas Referred Pain upper abdominal region, pretty local to organ Static Equilibrium against gravity; vestibule Pupil response to light/dark; sympathetic causes dilation, parasympathetic causes constriction Soundwaves stimuli for hearing Somatic Pain noxious stimuli from skeletal muscles Transduction changing one form of energy into another General Senses touch, pressure, pain, temperature Hyperopia short eyeball, convex glasses, farsighted Adrenal Glands sympathetic impulses cause cortisol to be secreted Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) nervous system outside of brain and spinal cord Cis- Retinal version of vitamin A that activates rods Vision Cholinergic Neurons secretes acetylcholine Somatic Nervous System efferent, conscious part of the PNS Thermoreceptors heat/cold receptors, general sense specific Semicircular Ducts for dynamic equilibrium Proprioceptors for spatial information Mechanoreceptors receptors of general senses, hearing, and equilibrium senses Brain Stem ANS with viscera responses, regulates the pupillary reflex Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitters of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors Craniosacral origin starting places for parasympathetic NS; vagus nerve Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmitters of alpha and beta receptors Fovea Centralis high amount of cones; lens focused light on Pitch frequency of sound waves Olfactory Nerve CN 1; sensory only, smell Nociceptors noxious stimuli receptors Sweet Tastes organic molecules Pain Tolerance amount of pain a person perceives Photoreceptors rods and cones Odorant stimuli for smell Heart parasympathetic causes rate of this to slow down and sympathetic increases rate Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN 8; sensory only; hearing and equilibrium Mass Activation describes the widespread, longer lasting effect of sympathetic NS Vestibule for static equilibrium; contains utricle and saccule Alpha 2 Receptors adrenergic; always inhibitory Gustatory Receptor Cells transducer for taste Olfactory Receptor Cells transducer for smell Photopsin 3 types; cones Rods black/white vision Muscarinic Receptors cholinergic; excitatory or inhibitory; metabotropic Optic Chiasm crossing of optic fibers that provides depth perception Sweat Glands sympathetic impulses allow secretion of water for thermoregulation Cones color vision Visceral Pain noxious stimuli from viscera Appendix Referred Pain left lower quadrant, pretty local to organ Beta Receptors adrenergic; can be either excitatory or inhibitory Exteroceptors found on the skin; outside of body Spinal Cord regulates the micturition and defecation reflexes of ANS Vagus Nerve cranial nerve 10; parasympathetic innervation Lungs parasympathetic causes bronchoconstriction while sympathetic causes bronchodilation Dynamic Equilibrium against sudden or rotational movements Varicosities axon terminals found along sympathetic axons Umami Tastes glutamate ions; meaty tastes Pain Threshold amount a person can take stimuli- wise; same for everyone Presbyopia with age, farsightedness Optic Nerve CN 2; sensory only, vision Maculae transducers for static equilibrium Bitter Tastes bases Bipolar Cells cell that has IPSPs in response to glutamate but secretes glutamate that provides EPSPs Astigmatism cornea issue, scattered light Heart Referred Pain left side of chest and side of arm Hair Cells transducers for sound Nicotinic Receptors cholinergic; always excitatory; ionic Facial Nerve CN 7; 2/3 of taste Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN 9; 1/3 of taste Sympathetic Axon Lengths short preganglionic axon with long postganglionic axon; ganglia at spinal cord Sympathetic Nervous System fight or flight Cristae of Ampullares transducers for dynamic equilibrium Sour Tastes acids Two-Point Threshold how many sensory receptors are found in one area Dynamic Antagonism opposing effects of the ANS Special Senses vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste Blood Vessels sympathetic impulses cause mostly constriction (systematic- wise) Chemoreceptors olfaction and gustation Rhodopsin 1 type; rods Pupillary Reflex changing the opening of the eye based on ANS innervation and light Afferent Neurons sensory neurons Vallate Papillae largest, V at back of tongue Adipose Tissue sympathetic impulses cause breakdown of fat Kidneys sympathetic impulses cause renin secretion Capsaicin spiciness; not an actual taste HPA axis stress response with hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland Light stimuli for vision Amacrine Cells regulate activation of ganglion cells and bipolar cells Tonic Receptors slow- adapting receptors; pain Parasympathetic Nervous System rest and digest Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract parasympathetic causes increase movement of this while sympathetic causes decreased Sensory Coding understand what the stimuli is, where its coming from, and any features from it Sensory Homunculus model to show sensory receptor density and amount of brain dedicate to each stimuli Gallbladder Referred Pain right shoulder and neck; also where liver is felt Len Accommodation focuses light to fovea, based on distance of items Dual Innervation describes how most organs have innervation from both divisions of ANS Horizontal Cells regulate activation of photoreceptors and bipolar cells Tectorial Membrane gel-like membrane that regulates the channels for hair cells Gustant stimuli for taste Adrenergic Neurons secretes epinephrine or norepinephrine Filiform Papillae all over tongue, has no taste buds, general senses External Genitalia point and shoot; cooperative effect Emmetropia normal shaped eye, light easily focused on retina Ganglion Cells cells that join for a cranial nerve; where vision impulses are generated Olfaction Hypothalamus ANS with viscera responses, regulates the ANS with limbic system Phasic Receptors fast adapting receptors Sound Intensity amplitude of sound waves Color Blindness based on lack of cone type; X-lined Organ of Corti houses the receptor cells for hearing Thoracolumbar origin starting places for sympathetic NS; lateral horns Parasympathetic Axon Lengths long preganglionic axon with short postganglionic axon; ganglia close to effector Alpha 1 Receptors adrenergic; always excitatory Arrector Pili Muscle sympathetic impulses cause muscle contraction for thermoregulation Foliate Papillae side of tongue, goes away with age Trans- Retinal version of vitamin A that inhibits rods Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) efferent, unconscious part of the PNS Kidney Referred Pain from umbilical region to back, sometimes lateral thigh region Basilar Membrane moves with sound waves so sound can be perceived Gustation Myopia long eyeball, concave glasses, nearsighted Hearing Fungiform Papillae found all over tongue, have most of the taste buds Interoceptors viscera; inside body Receptive Field area that stimuli can be picked up by the senses Salty Tastes ionized molecules Pancreas Referred Pain upper abdominal region, pretty local to organ Static Equilibrium against gravity; vestibule Pupil response to light/dark; sympathetic causes dilation, parasympathetic causes constriction Soundwaves stimuli for hearing Somatic Pain noxious stimuli from skeletal muscles Transduction changing one form of energy into another General Senses touch, pressure, pain, temperature Hyperopia short eyeball, convex glasses, farsighted Adrenal Glands sympathetic impulses cause cortisol to be secreted Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) nervous system outside of brain and spinal cord Cis- Retinal version of vitamin A that activates rods Vision Cholinergic Neurons secretes acetylcholine Somatic Nervous System efferent, conscious part of the PNS Thermoreceptors heat/cold receptors, general sense specific Semicircular Ducts for dynamic equilibrium Proprioceptors for spatial information Mechanoreceptors receptors of general senses, hearing, and equilibrium senses Brain Stem ANS with viscera responses, regulates the pupillary reflex Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitters of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors Craniosacral origin starting places for parasympathetic NS; vagus nerve Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmitters of alpha and beta receptors Fovea Centralis high amount of cones; lens focused light on Pitch frequency of sound waves Olfactory Nerve CN 1; sensory only, smell Nociceptors noxious stimuli receptors Sweet Tastes organic molecules Pain Tolerance amount of pain a person perceives Photoreceptors rods and cones Odorant stimuli for smell Heart parasympathetic causes rate of this to slow down and sympathetic increases rate Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN 8; sensory only; hearing and equilibrium Mass Activation describes the widespread, longer lasting effect of sympathetic NS Vestibule for static equilibrium; contains utricle and saccule Alpha 2 Receptors adrenergic; always inhibitory Gustatory Receptor Cells transducer for taste Olfactory Receptor Cells transducer for smell Photopsin 3 types; cones Rods black/white vision Muscarinic Receptors cholinergic; excitatory or inhibitory; metabotropic Optic Chiasm crossing of optic fibers that provides depth perception Sweat Glands sympathetic impulses allow secretion of water for thermoregulation Cones color vision Visceral Pain noxious stimuli from viscera Appendix Referred Pain left lower quadrant, pretty local to organ Beta Receptors adrenergic; can be either excitatory or inhibitory Exteroceptors found on the skin; outside of body Spinal Cord regulates the micturition and defecation reflexes of ANS Vagus Nerve cranial nerve 10; parasympathetic innervation Lungs parasympathetic causes bronchoconstriction while sympathetic causes bronchodilation Dynamic Equilibrium against sudden or rotational movements Varicosities axon terminals found along sympathetic axons Umami Tastes glutamate ions; meaty tastes Pain Threshold amount a person can take stimuli- wise; same for everyone Presbyopia with age, farsightedness Optic Nerve CN 2; sensory only, vision Maculae transducers for static equilibrium Bitter Tastes bases Bipolar Cells cell that has IPSPs in response to glutamate but secretes glutamate that provides EPSPs Astigmatism cornea issue, scattered light Heart Referred Pain left side of chest and side of arm Hair Cells transducers for sound Nicotinic Receptors cholinergic; always excitatory; ionic Facial Nerve CN 7; 2/3 of taste Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN 9; 1/3 of taste Sympathetic Axon Lengths short preganglionic axon with long postganglionic axon; ganglia at spinal cord Sympathetic Nervous System fight or flight Cristae of Ampullares transducers for dynamic equilibrium Sour Tastes acids Two-Point Threshold how many sensory receptors are found in one area Dynamic Antagonism opposing effects of the ANS Special Senses vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste Blood Vessels sympathetic impulses cause mostly constriction (systematic- wise) Chemoreceptors olfaction and gustation Rhodopsin 1 type; rods Pupillary Reflex changing the opening of the eye based on ANS innervation and light Afferent Neurons sensory neurons Vallate Papillae largest, V at back of tongue Adipose Tissue sympathetic impulses cause breakdown of fat Kidneys sympathetic impulses cause renin secretion Capsaicin spiciness; not an actual taste HPA axis stress response with hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland Light stimuli for vision Amacrine Cells regulate activation of ganglion cells and bipolar cells Tonic Receptors slow- adapting receptors; pain Parasympathetic Nervous System rest and digest Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract parasympathetic causes increase movement of this while sympathetic causes decreased Sensory Coding understand what the stimuli is, where its coming from, and any features from it Sensory Homunculus model to show sensory receptor density and amount of brain dedicate to each stimuli Gallbladder Referred Pain right shoulder and neck; also where liver is felt Len Accommodation focuses light to fovea, based on distance of items Dual Innervation describes how most organs have innervation from both divisions of ANS Horizontal Cells regulate activation of photoreceptors and bipolar cells Tectorial Membrane gel-like membrane that regulates the channels for hair cells Gustant stimuli for taste Adrenergic Neurons secretes epinephrine or norepinephrine Filiform Papillae all over tongue, has no taste buds, general senses External Genitalia point and shoot; cooperative effect Emmetropia normal shaped eye, light easily focused on retina Ganglion Cells cells that join for a cranial nerve; where vision impulses are generated
(Print)
Olfaction
ANS with viscera responses, regulates the ANS with limbic system
fast adapting receptors
amplitude of sound waves
based on lack of cone type; X-lined
houses the receptor cells for hearing
starting places for sympathetic NS; lateral horns
long preganglionic axon with short postganglionic axon; ganglia close to effector
adrenergic; always excitatory
sympathetic impulses cause muscle contraction for thermoregulation
side of tongue, goes away with age
version of vitamin A that inhibits rods
efferent, unconscious part of the PNS
from umbilical region to back, sometimes lateral thigh region
moves with sound waves so sound can be perceived
Gustation
long eyeball, concave glasses, nearsighted
Hearing
found all over tongue, have most of the taste buds
viscera; inside body
area that stimuli can be picked up by the senses
ionized molecules
upper abdominal region, pretty local to organ
against gravity; vestibule
response to light/dark; sympathetic causes dilation, parasympathetic causes constriction
stimuli for hearing
noxious stimuli from skeletal muscles
changing one form of energy into another
touch, pressure, pain, temperature
short eyeball, convex glasses, farsighted
sympathetic impulses cause cortisol to be secreted
nervous system outside of brain and spinal cord
version of vitamin A that activates rods
Vision
secretes acetylcholine
efferent, conscious part of the PNS
heat/cold receptors, general sense specific
for dynamic equilibrium
for spatial information
receptors of general senses, hearing, and equilibrium senses
ANS with viscera responses, regulates the pupillary reflex
neurotransmitters of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
starting places for parasympathetic NS; vagus nerve
neurotransmitters of alpha and beta receptors
high amount of cones; lens focused light on
frequency of sound waves
CN 1; sensory only, smell
noxious stimuli receptors
organic molecules
amount of pain a person perceives
rods and cones
stimuli for smell
parasympathetic causes rate of this to slow down and sympathetic increases rate
CN 8; sensory only; hearing and equilibrium
describes the widespread, longer lasting effect of sympathetic NS
for static equilibrium; contains utricle and saccule
adrenergic; always inhibitory
transducer for taste
transducer for smell
3 types; cones
black/white vision
cholinergic; excitatory or inhibitory; metabotropic
crossing of optic fibers that provides depth perception
sympathetic impulses allow secretion of water for thermoregulation
color vision
noxious stimuli from viscera
left lower quadrant, pretty local to organ
adrenergic; can be either excitatory or inhibitory
found on the skin; outside of body
regulates the micturition and defecation reflexes of ANS
cranial nerve 10; parasympathetic innervation
parasympathetic causes bronchoconstriction while sympathetic causes bronchodilation
against sudden or rotational movements
axon terminals found along sympathetic axons
glutamate ions; meaty tastes
amount a person can take stimuli-wise; same for everyone
with age, farsightedness
CN 2; sensory only, vision
transducers for static equilibrium
bases
cell that has IPSPs in response to glutamate but secretes glutamate that provides EPSPs
cornea issue, scattered light
left side of chest and side of arm
transducers for sound
cholinergic; always excitatory; ionic
CN 7; 2/3 of taste
CN 9; 1/3 of taste
short preganglionic axon with long postganglionic axon; ganglia at spinal cord
fight or flight
transducers for dynamic equilibrium
acids
how many sensory receptors are found in one area
opposing effects of the ANS
vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, taste
sympathetic impulses cause mostly constriction (systematic-wise)
olfaction and gustation
1 type; rods
changing the opening of the eye based on ANS innervation and light
sensory neurons
largest, V at back of tongue
sympathetic impulses cause breakdown of fat
sympathetic impulses cause renin secretion
spiciness; not an actual taste
stress response with hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland
stimuli for vision
regulate activation of ganglion cells and bipolar cells
slow-adapting receptors; pain
rest and digest
parasympathetic causes increase movement of this while sympathetic causes decreased
understand what the stimuli is, where its coming from, and any features from it
model to show sensory receptor density and amount of brain dedicate to each stimuli
right shoulder and neck; also where liver is felt
focuses light to fovea, based on distance of items
describes how most organs have innervation from both divisions of ANS
regulate activation of photoreceptors and bipolar cells
gel-like membrane that regulates the channels for hair cells
stimuli for taste
secretes epinephrine or norepinephrine
all over tongue, has no taste buds, general senses
point and shoot; cooperative effect
normal shaped eye, light easily focused on retina
cells that join for a cranial nerve; where vision impulses are generated
