ControlgroupA group that istreated normally andgives us a measureof how peoplebehave when theyare not exposed tothe experimentaltreatmentStatisticallysignificantWhen your analysissuggests the resultsof a study it ishighly unlikely tohave occurred bychanceObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeMeta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedFatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.EcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsQualitativeresearchResearch thatgenerates non-numerical data, suchas a person'sdescription of theirpain rather than ameasure of pain.Inter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.OrdereffectsWhen thepositioningof tasksinfluencesthe outcomeLaboratoryExperimentAn experimentconducted underhighly controlledconditions toinvestigate causeand effectIndependentgroupsAn experimentaldesign where eachparticipants onlytakes part in onecondition of the IVNormaldistributionAn arrangement of adata that issymmetrical and formsa bell shaped patternwhere the mean,median and mode allfall in the centre at thehighest peakHypothesisa formal statementor prediction ofwhat the researcherexpects to find. Itneeds to betestable.DependentvariableThevariablethat ismeasuredOvertobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.ExtraneousvariablesVariables that if notcontrolled may affectthe DV and provide afalse impression thanan IV has producedchanges when ithasn’t.IndependentvariableThe variablethat theexperimentermanipulatesMatched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcDouble-blindWhen neither theexperimenter nor theparticipants areaware of whichexperimental groupthey are assigned toCorrelationa measure ofthe extent towhich twovariables arerelatedLikertScaleA 5 point scalethat is used toassess attitudesand views. e.g. towhat extent do youagree...QuantitativeresearchResearch thatgeneratesnumerical dataor data that canbe convertedinto numbers.CasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationInformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation about anexperiment beforeagreeing to take partParticipantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants that mayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVPlaceboA fake (or dummy)treatment given topatients in thecontrol group of aclinical trial.DemandcharacteristicsWhen participants tryto guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a way theybelieve theexperimenters wantDebriefingAfter completingthe research,the true aim isrevealed to theparticipant.OpportunitysampleA samplingtechnique whereparticipants arechosen becausethey are easilyavailableValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureRandomisedControl TrialA study in which anumber of similarpeople are randomlyassigned to 2 (ormore) groups to testa specific drug,treatment or otherintervention.ControlgroupA group that istreated normally andgives us a measureof how peoplebehave when theyare not exposed tothe experimentaltreatmentStatisticallysignificantWhen your analysissuggests the resultsof a study it ishighly unlikely tohave occurred bychanceObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeMeta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedFatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.EcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsQualitativeresearchResearch thatgenerates non-numerical data, suchas a person'sdescription of theirpain rather than ameasure of pain.Inter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.OrdereffectsWhen thepositioningof tasksinfluencesthe outcomeLaboratoryExperimentAn experimentconducted underhighly controlledconditions toinvestigate causeand effectIndependentgroupsAn experimentaldesign where eachparticipants onlytakes part in onecondition of the IVNormaldistributionAn arrangement of adata that issymmetrical and formsa bell shaped patternwhere the mean,median and mode allfall in the centre at thehighest peakHypothesisa formal statementor prediction ofwhat the researcherexpects to find. Itneeds to betestable.DependentvariableThevariablethat ismeasuredOvertobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.ExtraneousvariablesVariables that if notcontrolled may affectthe DV and provide afalse impression thanan IV has producedchanges when ithasn’t.IndependentvariableThe variablethat theexperimentermanipulatesMatched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcDouble-blindWhen neither theexperimenter nor theparticipants areaware of whichexperimental groupthey are assigned toCorrelationa measure ofthe extent towhich twovariables arerelatedLikertScaleA 5 point scalethat is used toassess attitudesand views. e.g. towhat extent do youagree...QuantitativeresearchResearch thatgeneratesnumerical dataor data that canbe convertedinto numbers.CasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationInformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation about anexperiment beforeagreeing to take partParticipantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants that mayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVPlaceboA fake (or dummy)treatment given topatients in thecontrol group of aclinical trial.DemandcharacteristicsWhen participants tryto guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a way theybelieve theexperimenters wantDebriefingAfter completingthe research,the true aim isrevealed to theparticipant.OpportunitysampleA samplingtechnique whereparticipants arechosen becausethey are easilyavailableValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureRandomisedControl TrialA study in which anumber of similarpeople are randomlyassigned to 2 (ormore) groups to testa specific drug,treatment or otherintervention.

Psychology Research Methods - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. A group that is treated normally and gives us a measure of how people behave when they are not exposed to the experimental treatment
    Control group
  2. When your analysis suggests the results of a study it is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance
    Statistically significant
  3. Where experimenters/observers rate behaviour differently due to having a desired outcome
    Observer bias
  4. A technique where rather than conducting new research with participants, the researchers examine the results of several studies that have already been conducted
    Meta-analysis
  5. a decline in performance on a prolonged or demanding research task that is generally attributed to the participant becoming tired or bored with the task.
    Fatigue Effects
  6. The extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalized to real-life settings
    Ecological validity
  7. Research that generates non-numerical data, such as a person's description of their pain rather than a measure of pain.
    Qualitative research
  8. When two observers/experimenters give consistent ratings for the same participants.
    Inter-rater reliability
  9. When the positioning of tasks influences the outcome
    Order effects
  10. An experiment conducted under highly controlled conditions to investigate cause and effect
    Laboratory Experiment
  11. An experimental design where each participants only takes part in one condition of the IV
    Independent groups
  12. An arrangement of a data that is symmetrical and forms a bell shaped pattern where the mean, median and mode all fall in the centre at the highest peak
    Normal distribution
  13. a formal statement or prediction of what the researcher expects to find. It needs to be testable.
    Hypothesis
  14. The variable that is measured
    Dependent variable
  15. where a researcher tells the participants that they are being observed and what they are being observed for.
    Overt observation
  16. Variables that if not controlled may affect the DV and provide a false impression than an IV has produced changes when it hasn’t.
    Extraneous variables
  17. The variable that the experimenter manipulates
    Independent variable
  18. There are equal groups where participants are matched based on certain characteristics e.g. gender, age…etc
    Matched-pairs
  19. When neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which experimental group they are assigned to
    Double-blind
  20. a measure of the extent to which two variables are related
    Correlation
  21. A 5 point scale that is used to assess attitudes and views. e.g. to what extent do you agree...
    Likert Scale
  22. Research that generates numerical data or data that can be converted into numbers.
    Quantitative research
  23. An in depth investigation into only one person or situation
    Case study
  24. When participants are given all the necessary information about an experiment before agreeing to take part
    Informed consent
  25. characteristics of participants that may unintentionally influence how they respond to the DV e.g. age, gender
    Participant variables
  26. When the same participant will get the same result on a test on multiple occasions
    Test-retest reliability
  27. A group that is not subjected to the IV in a experiment
    Control group
  28. the tendency for survey respondents to agree with research statements, without the action being a true reflection of their own position or the question itself
    Acquiescence bias
  29. Where each participant is assigned to more than one condition of the IV
    Repeated measures
  30. A fake (or dummy) treatment given to patients in the control group of a clinical trial.
    Placebo
  31. When participants try to guess the true purpose of an experiment and behave in a way they believe the experimenters want
    Demand characteristics
  32. After completing the research, the true aim is revealed to the participant.
    Debriefing
  33. A sampling technique where participants are chosen because they are easily available
    Opportunity sample
  34. When a test or experiment accurately measures what it intends to measure
    Validity
  35. A study in which a number of similar people are randomly assigned to 2 (or more) groups to test a specific drug, treatment or other intervention.
    Randomised Control Trial