ExtraneousvariablesVariables that if notcontrolled may affectthe DV and provide afalse impression thanan IV has producedchanges when ithasn’t.IndependentgroupsAn experimentaldesign where eachparticipants onlytakes part in onecondition of the IVDouble-blindWhen neither theexperimenter nor theparticipants areaware of whichexperimental groupthey are assigned toTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsLikertScaleA 5 point scalethat is used toassess attitudesand views. e.g. towhat extent do youagree...Hypothesisa formal statementor prediction ofwhat the researcherexpects to find. Itneeds to betestable.ControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureOrdereffectsWhen thepositioningof tasksinfluencesthe outcomeObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeNormaldistributionAn arrangement of adata that issymmetrical and formsa bell shaped patternwhere the mean,median and mode allfall in the centre at thehighest peakParticipantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants that mayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderStatisticallysignificantWhen your analysissuggests the resultsof a study it ishighly unlikely tohave occurred bychanceControlgroupA group that istreated normally andgives us a measureof how peoplebehave when theyare not exposed tothe experimentaltreatmentInter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.EcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsRandomisedControl TrialA study in which anumber of similarpeople are randomlyassigned to 2 (ormore) groups to testa specific drug,treatment or otherintervention.DependentvariableThevariablethat ismeasuredIndependentvariableThe variablethat theexperimentermanipulatesCasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationCorrelationa measure ofthe extent towhich twovariables arerelatedMeta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedOvertobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.FatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.DebriefingAfter completingthe research,the true aim isrevealed to theparticipant.PlaceboA fake (or dummy)treatment given topatients in thecontrol group of aclinical trial.Matched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcQuantitativeresearchResearch thatgeneratesnumerical dataor data that canbe convertedinto numbers.LaboratoryExperimentAn experimentconducted underhighly controlledconditions toinvestigate causeand effectQualitativeresearchResearch thatgenerates non-numerical data, suchas a person'sdescription of theirpain rather than ameasure of pain.DemandcharacteristicsWhen participants tryto guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a way theybelieve theexperimenters wantRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVOpportunitysampleA samplingtechnique whereparticipants arechosen becausethey are easilyavailableInformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation about anexperiment beforeagreeing to take partExtraneousvariablesVariables that if notcontrolled may affectthe DV and provide afalse impression thanan IV has producedchanges when ithasn’t.IndependentgroupsAn experimentaldesign where eachparticipants onlytakes part in onecondition of the IVDouble-blindWhen neither theexperimenter nor theparticipants areaware of whichexperimental groupthey are assigned toTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsLikertScaleA 5 point scalethat is used toassess attitudesand views. e.g. towhat extent do youagree...Hypothesisa formal statementor prediction ofwhat the researcherexpects to find. Itneeds to betestable.ControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureOrdereffectsWhen thepositioningof tasksinfluencesthe outcomeObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeNormaldistributionAn arrangement of adata that issymmetrical and formsa bell shaped patternwhere the mean,median and mode allfall in the centre at thehighest peakParticipantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants that mayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderStatisticallysignificantWhen your analysissuggests the resultsof a study it ishighly unlikely tohave occurred bychanceControlgroupA group that istreated normally andgives us a measureof how peoplebehave when theyare not exposed tothe experimentaltreatmentInter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.EcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsRandomisedControl TrialA study in which anumber of similarpeople are randomlyassigned to 2 (ormore) groups to testa specific drug,treatment or otherintervention.DependentvariableThevariablethat ismeasuredIndependentvariableThe variablethat theexperimentermanipulatesCasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationCorrelationa measure ofthe extent towhich twovariables arerelatedMeta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedOvertobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.FatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.DebriefingAfter completingthe research,the true aim isrevealed to theparticipant.PlaceboA fake (or dummy)treatment given topatients in thecontrol group of aclinical trial.Matched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcQuantitativeresearchResearch thatgeneratesnumerical dataor data that canbe convertedinto numbers.LaboratoryExperimentAn experimentconducted underhighly controlledconditions toinvestigate causeand effectQualitativeresearchResearch thatgenerates non-numerical data, suchas a person'sdescription of theirpain rather than ameasure of pain.DemandcharacteristicsWhen participants tryto guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a way theybelieve theexperimenters wantRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVOpportunitysampleA samplingtechnique whereparticipants arechosen becausethey are easilyavailableInformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation about anexperiment beforeagreeing to take part

Psychology Research Methods - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Variables that if not controlled may affect the DV and provide a false impression than an IV has produced changes when it hasn’t.
    Extraneous variables
  2. An experimental design where each participants only takes part in one condition of the IV
    Independent groups
  3. When neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which experimental group they are assigned to
    Double-blind
  4. When the same participant will get the same result on a test on multiple occasions
    Test-retest reliability
  5. A 5 point scale that is used to assess attitudes and views. e.g. to what extent do you agree...
    Likert Scale
  6. a formal statement or prediction of what the researcher expects to find. It needs to be testable.
    Hypothesis
  7. A group that is not subjected to the IV in a experiment
    Control group
  8. the tendency for survey respondents to agree with research statements, without the action being a true reflection of their own position or the question itself
    Acquiescence bias
  9. When a test or experiment accurately measures what it intends to measure
    Validity
  10. When the positioning of tasks influences the outcome
    Order effects
  11. Where experimenters/observers rate behaviour differently due to having a desired outcome
    Observer bias
  12. An arrangement of a data that is symmetrical and forms a bell shaped pattern where the mean, median and mode all fall in the centre at the highest peak
    Normal distribution
  13. characteristics of participants that may unintentionally influence how they respond to the DV e.g. age, gender
    Participant variables
  14. When your analysis suggests the results of a study it is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance
    Statistically significant
  15. A group that is treated normally and gives us a measure of how people behave when they are not exposed to the experimental treatment
    Control group
  16. When two observers/experimenters give consistent ratings for the same participants.
    Inter-rater reliability
  17. The extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalized to real-life settings
    Ecological validity
  18. A study in which a number of similar people are randomly assigned to 2 (or more) groups to test a specific drug, treatment or other intervention.
    Randomised Control Trial
  19. The variable that is measured
    Dependent variable
  20. The variable that the experimenter manipulates
    Independent variable
  21. An in depth investigation into only one person or situation
    Case study
  22. a measure of the extent to which two variables are related
    Correlation
  23. A technique where rather than conducting new research with participants, the researchers examine the results of several studies that have already been conducted
    Meta-analysis
  24. where a researcher tells the participants that they are being observed and what they are being observed for.
    Overt observation
  25. a decline in performance on a prolonged or demanding research task that is generally attributed to the participant becoming tired or bored with the task.
    Fatigue Effects
  26. After completing the research, the true aim is revealed to the participant.
    Debriefing
  27. A fake (or dummy) treatment given to patients in the control group of a clinical trial.
    Placebo
  28. There are equal groups where participants are matched based on certain characteristics e.g. gender, age…etc
    Matched-pairs
  29. Research that generates numerical data or data that can be converted into numbers.
    Quantitative research
  30. An experiment conducted under highly controlled conditions to investigate cause and effect
    Laboratory Experiment
  31. Research that generates non-numerical data, such as a person's description of their pain rather than a measure of pain.
    Qualitative research
  32. When participants try to guess the true purpose of an experiment and behave in a way they believe the experimenters want
    Demand characteristics
  33. Where each participant is assigned to more than one condition of the IV
    Repeated measures
  34. A sampling technique where participants are chosen because they are easily available
    Opportunity sample
  35. When participants are given all the necessary information about an experiment before agreeing to take part
    Informed consent