enkephalins inhibit release of substance P to reduce pain sensation transmission pain sensation from site of injury or inflammation travel to spinal cord then brain serotonin stimulate smooth muscles, inhibit gastric secretion; cause vasoconstriction Diversion any act that results in a controlled drug not reaching the prescribed pt Visceral pain poorly localized; originates in thorax, cranium and abdomen; usually r/t disease Postherpetic neuralgia follows acute CNS infection (ex. herpes zoster - shingles) substance P sensitizes receptors on nerves to feel pain; increase nerve firing rate Acetaminophen viewed as one of the safest & best- tolerated analgesics Pasero Opioid- Induced Sedation Scale used to assess respiratory depression S1234 prostaglandins send additional pain stimuli to CNS nociceptors peripheral/pain receptors; respond to selective stimuli Oral (po) Preferred route of medication for cancer pain transduction activation of pain receptors PCA pump to be operated by patient only Sharp quality of pain that is stabbing and intense addiction chronic, relapsing brain disease; compulsive drug seeking acute pain rapid in onset; mild to severe; protective in nature Tolerance body becomes accustomed to opioid and need larger doses Breakthrough pain temporary flare- up of mod.- severe pain that occurs with ATC (around the clock) meds EMLA cream cover w/ occlusive dressing 1hr prior to procedure for local pain relief nocebo harmful or undesirable response from placebo placebo sham med or procedure designed and known to not be of any therapeutic clinical value Hypnosis produces a subconscious state accomplished by suggestions made by hypnotist endorphins powerful pain blocking chemicals; prolonged analgesic effects; produce euphoria FLACC pain scale for 2 months to 7 years Pain tolerance max intensity of stimulus that produces pain a person is willing to accept chronic pain persists or recurrent greater than 3 months modulation process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified 30 degrees HOB elevation for epidural analgesia Opioid analgesic Assess for respiratory depression with these meds; reversal Narcan (naloxone) Gate Control Theory pain is believed to be controlled by closing the gating mechanism in the spinal cord Intractable pain resistant to therapy; no relief from interventions referred pain pain originates in one part of body but perceived in area distant from point of origin Nociceptive pain represented by normal pain process bradykinin vasodilator; triggers release of histamine; assists in inflammation s/s CRIES pain scale used for neonates (0-6mo.) Somatic pain diffuse; originate in tendons, ligaments, bones blood vessels or nerves Physical dependence body physiologically accustomed to opioid therapy and suffers withdrawal symptoms if it is removed or rapidly decreased Cutaneous pain superficial; involves skin or SQ tissue; ex. paper cut Neuropathic pain caused by lesion or disease of peripheral or central somatosensory nervous system pain threshold min. intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful pain it is what pt says it is NSAIDs Contraindicated with bleeding disorders, probable infections and pregnancy >/+ 20 weeks Cutaneous stimulation massage; heat/cold therapy; acupressure; TENS unit Nociplastic pain chronic primary pain; ex. cancer or fibromyalgia; not classified as nocicpetive or enuropathic Phantom pain does not have an identifiable physiologic or pathologic cause; ex. amputation BP, O2 sat, RR Pertinent VS to monitor with PCA or Epidural analgesia Multimodal analgesic therapy combines 2+ classes of analgesics that target different sites in peripheral and CNS to maximize pain relief enkephalins inhibit release of substance P to reduce pain sensation transmission pain sensation from site of injury or inflammation travel to spinal cord then brain serotonin stimulate smooth muscles, inhibit gastric secretion; cause vasoconstriction Diversion any act that results in a controlled drug not reaching the prescribed pt Visceral pain poorly localized; originates in thorax, cranium and abdomen; usually r/t disease Postherpetic neuralgia follows acute CNS infection (ex. herpes zoster - shingles) substance P sensitizes receptors on nerves to feel pain; increase nerve firing rate Acetaminophen viewed as one of the safest & best- tolerated analgesics Pasero Opioid- Induced Sedation Scale used to assess respiratory depression S1234 prostaglandins send additional pain stimuli to CNS nociceptors peripheral/pain receptors; respond to selective stimuli Oral (po) Preferred route of medication for cancer pain transduction activation of pain receptors PCA pump to be operated by patient only Sharp quality of pain that is stabbing and intense addiction chronic, relapsing brain disease; compulsive drug seeking acute pain rapid in onset; mild to severe; protective in nature Tolerance body becomes accustomed to opioid and need larger doses Breakthrough pain temporary flare- up of mod.- severe pain that occurs with ATC (around the clock) meds EMLA cream cover w/ occlusive dressing 1hr prior to procedure for local pain relief nocebo harmful or undesirable response from placebo placebo sham med or procedure designed and known to not be of any therapeutic clinical value Hypnosis produces a subconscious state accomplished by suggestions made by hypnotist endorphins powerful pain blocking chemicals; prolonged analgesic effects; produce euphoria FLACC pain scale for 2 months to 7 years Pain tolerance max intensity of stimulus that produces pain a person is willing to accept chronic pain persists or recurrent greater than 3 months modulation process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified 30 degrees HOB elevation for epidural analgesia Opioid analgesic Assess for respiratory depression with these meds; reversal Narcan (naloxone) Gate Control Theory pain is believed to be controlled by closing the gating mechanism in the spinal cord Intractable pain resistant to therapy; no relief from interventions referred pain pain originates in one part of body but perceived in area distant from point of origin Nociceptive pain represented by normal pain process bradykinin vasodilator; triggers release of histamine; assists in inflammation s/s CRIES pain scale used for neonates (0-6mo.) Somatic pain diffuse; originate in tendons, ligaments, bones blood vessels or nerves Physical dependence body physiologically accustomed to opioid therapy and suffers withdrawal symptoms if it is removed or rapidly decreased Cutaneous pain superficial; involves skin or SQ tissue; ex. paper cut Neuropathic pain caused by lesion or disease of peripheral or central somatosensory nervous system pain threshold min. intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful pain it is what pt says it is NSAIDs Contraindicated with bleeding disorders, probable infections and pregnancy >/+ 20 weeks Cutaneous stimulation massage; heat/cold therapy; acupressure; TENS unit Nociplastic pain chronic primary pain; ex. cancer or fibromyalgia; not classified as nocicpetive or enuropathic Phantom pain does not have an identifiable physiologic or pathologic cause; ex. amputation BP, O2 sat, RR Pertinent VS to monitor with PCA or Epidural analgesia Multimodal analgesic therapy combines 2+ classes of analgesics that target different sites in peripheral and CNS to maximize pain relief
(Print)
inhibit release of substance P to reduce pain sensation
pain sensation from site of injury or inflammation travel to spinal cord then brain
stimulate smooth muscles, inhibit gastric secretion; cause vasoconstriction
any act that results in a controlled drug not reaching the prescribed pt
poorly localized; originates in thorax, cranium and abdomen; usually r/t disease
follows acute CNS infection (ex. herpes zoster - shingles)
sensitizes receptors on nerves to feel pain; increase nerve firing rate
viewed as one of the safest & best-tolerated analgesics
used to assess respiratory depression S1234
send additional pain stimuli to CNS
peripheral/pain receptors; respond to selective stimuli
Preferred route of medication for cancer pain
activation of pain receptors
to be operated by patient only
quality of pain that is stabbing and intense
chronic, relapsing brain disease; compulsive drug seeking
rapid in onset; mild to severe; protective in nature
body becomes accustomed to opioid and need larger doses
temporary flare-up of mod.-severe pain that occurs with ATC (around the clock) meds
cover w/ occlusive dressing 1hr prior to procedure for local pain relief
harmful or undesirable response from placebo
sham med or procedure designed and known to not be of any therapeutic clinical value
produces a subconscious state accomplished by suggestions made by hypnotist
powerful pain blocking chemicals; prolonged analgesic effects; produce euphoria
pain scale for 2 months to 7 years
max intensity of stimulus that produces pain a person is willing to accept
persists or recurrent greater than 3 months
process by which the sensation of pain is inhibited or modified
HOB elevation for epidural analgesia
Assess for respiratory depression with these meds; reversal Narcan (naloxone)
pain is believed to be controlled by closing the gating mechanism in the spinal cord
resistant to therapy; no relief from interventions
pain originates in one part of body but perceived in area distant from point of origin
represented by normal pain process
vasodilator; triggers release of histamine; assists in inflammation s/s
pain scale used for neonates (0-6mo.)
diffuse; originate in tendons, ligaments, bones blood vessels or nerves
body physiologically accustomed to opioid therapy and suffers withdrawal symptoms if it is removed or rapidly decreased
superficial; involves skin or SQ tissue; ex. paper cut
caused by lesion or disease of peripheral or central somatosensory nervous system
min. intensity of a stimulus that is perceived as painful
it is what pt says it is
Contraindicated with bleeding disorders, probable infections and pregnancy >/+ 20 weeks
massage; heat/cold therapy; acupressure; TENS unit
chronic primary pain; ex. cancer or fibromyalgia; not classified as nocicpetive or enuropathic
does not have an identifiable physiologic or pathologic cause; ex. amputation
Pertinent VS to monitor with PCA or Epidural analgesia
combines 2+ classes of analgesics that target different sites in peripheral and CNS to maximize pain relief
