Chapters 11-14 - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.

1. Definition: The beginning of the translation process in protein synthesis, where the small ribosomal subunit, mRNA, and initiator tRNA assemble to form the initiation complex at the start codon.
   Initiation (Translation)
2. Definition: RNA molecules that transport amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
   Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3. Definition: The process where each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
   Semi-conservative Replication:
4. Definition: A type of genetic inheritance where one allele completely masks the phenotypic expression of the other allele in a heterozygous individual.
   Complete Dominance
5. Definition: A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.
   Frameshift Mutation
6. Definition: An enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand of DNA during replication.
   Ligase
7. Definition: The repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration during cell division and aging.
   Telomere
8. Definition: A diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross.
   Punnett Square
9. Definition: A mutation that involves a change in a single nucleotide within the DNA sequence, which can lead to altered protein production.
   Point Mutation
10. Definition: The beginning of the transcription process, involving the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of DNA.
    Initiation (Transcription)
11. Definition: The process in which a DNA sequence is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule.
    Transcription
12. Definition: The phase of translation where amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain, facilitated by the ribosome moving along the mRNA and matching tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons.
    Elongation (Translation)
13. Definition: Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication, later joined by DNA ligase.
    Okazaki Fragments
14. Definition: A type of genetic inheritance where the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate blend of the phenotypes associated with the two homozygous genotypes.
    Incomplete Dominance
15. Definition: An enzyme that regulates the winding and unwinding of DNA strands during processes such as replication and transcription by inducing temporary breaks in the DNA strands. This helps to relieve tension and prevent supercoiling
    Topoisomerase
16. Definition: The type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
    Messenger RNA (mRNA)
17. Definition: The phase of transcription where RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA chain.
    Elongation (Transcription)
18. Definition: RNA molecules that form part of the structure of ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.
    Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
19. Definition: The strand of DNA that is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication.
    Leading Strand
20. Definition: An enzyme that unwinds and separates the DNA double helix during replication.
    Helicase
21. Definition: A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.
    Codon
22. Definition: The end of the transcription process, marked by the termination of RNA synthesis and the release of the mRNA molecule.
    Termination (Transcription)
23. Definition: Enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand during replication.
    DNA Polymerase
24. Definition: A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA, facilitating the correct placement of amino acids in protein synthesis.
    Anticodon
25. Definition: The final phase of translation, where the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, leading to the release of the completed polypeptide chain and the dissociation of the ribosomal subunits.
    Termination (Translation)
26. Definition: Enzyme responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
    RNA Polymerase
27. Definition: One of Mendel's laws stating that the two alleles for a trait separate during the formation of gametes, so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
    Law of Segregation
28. Definition: Another of Mendel's laws stating that the alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation, leading to various combinations of alleles in the offspring.
    Law of Independent Assortment
29. Definition: A complex of proteins, including RNA polymerase and transcription factors, that assembles at the promoter region of a gene to initiate the process of transcription. The complex facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA tem
    Transcription Initiation Complex
30. Definition: A genetic scenario in which both alleles of a gene are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual.
    Codominance
31. Definition: The strand of DNA that is synthesized discontinuously in short fragments (Okazaki fragments) during DNA replication.
    Lagging Strand