ValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureMeta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedLabexperimentThis quantitative,experimentalmethod, has ahigh level ofcontrol over theIV and DVFocusGroupsThis is a methodof data collectionwhereby peoplediscuss aparticular topic insmall groupsGeneratecodesThis is the secondstage of Braun andClarkes 6 stepThematic Analysis,whereby theresearcher labels theirdata in a way thatcaptures somethingabout the meaning.CasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationMixed-MethodsThis is a researchapproach wherebyresearchers collectand analyse bothquantitative andqualitative data.Semi-structuredThis is a type ofinterview formatwhereby theresearcher has someguiding questions andprompts, but alsoallows the participantto expand on topicsrelevant to themObjectivityThis wordmeans thatresults impartial,and are notinfluenced bypersonal biasesPlaceboA fake (ordummy)treatment givento patients in thecontrol group ofa clinical trial.SubjectivityThe grounds onwhich qualitativeresearch may oftenbe criticised, due tothe findings beingbased on theresearcher’s personalopinionQuantitativeresearchThis type ofresearchapproach relieson numbersand statisticaltestingCorrelationThis is a statisticaltechnique thatexamines therelationshipbetween twovariablesRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVQualitativeresearchThis type ofresearch approachrelies oninterpretingmeaning from non-numerical dataDouble-blindWhen neither theexperimenter northe participantsare aware of whichexperimentalgroup they areassigned toConveniencesamplingThis samplingtechnique means thatresearchers recruitparticipants based onhow convenient andeasy they are toaccess.FatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.EcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentThematicAnalysisThis is a guidingframeworkresearchers may useto analyse qualitativedata, popularised byBraun and Clarke(2006).Participantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants thatmayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsInterviewScheduleThis can beconsidered as aguide/script thatinterviewersask questionsfromOvertobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.RandomsamplingThis samplingtechnique means thateach individual withina given targetpopulation, have anequal likelihood ofbeing selected totake part in a study.InformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation aboutan experimentbefore agreeing totake partInter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.DatatriangulationThe researcheruses more thanone method toverify/checktheir findings.Matched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeDemandcharacteristicsWhen participantstry to guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a waythey believe theexperimenters wantAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfReductionistA criticism ofquantitativeapproaches, in thatthey try to reducecomplex phenomenato statistics andnumbersValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureMeta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedLabexperimentThis quantitative,experimentalmethod, has ahigh level ofcontrol over theIV and DVFocusGroupsThis is a methodof data collectionwhereby peoplediscuss aparticular topic insmall groupsGeneratecodesThis is the secondstage of Braun andClarkes 6 stepThematic Analysis,whereby theresearcher labels theirdata in a way thatcaptures somethingabout the meaning.CasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationMixed-MethodsThis is a researchapproach wherebyresearchers collectand analyse bothquantitative andqualitative data.Semi-structuredThis is a type ofinterview formatwhereby theresearcher has someguiding questions andprompts, but alsoallows the participantto expand on topicsrelevant to themObjectivityThis wordmeans thatresults impartial,and are notinfluenced bypersonal biasesPlaceboA fake (ordummy)treatment givento patients in thecontrol group ofa clinical trial.SubjectivityThe grounds onwhich qualitativeresearch may oftenbe criticised, due tothe findings beingbased on theresearcher’s personalopinionQuantitativeresearchThis type ofresearchapproach relieson numbersand statisticaltestingCorrelationThis is a statisticaltechnique thatexamines therelationshipbetween twovariablesRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVQualitativeresearchThis type ofresearch approachrelies oninterpretingmeaning from non-numerical dataDouble-blindWhen neither theexperimenter northe participantsare aware of whichexperimentalgroup they areassigned toConveniencesamplingThis samplingtechnique means thatresearchers recruitparticipants based onhow convenient andeasy they are toaccess.FatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.EcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentThematicAnalysisThis is a guidingframeworkresearchers may useto analyse qualitativedata, popularised byBraun and Clarke(2006).Participantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants thatmayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsInterviewScheduleThis can beconsidered as aguide/script thatinterviewersask questionsfromOvertobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.RandomsamplingThis samplingtechnique means thateach individual withina given targetpopulation, have anequal likelihood ofbeing selected totake part in a study.InformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation aboutan experimentbefore agreeing totake partInter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.DatatriangulationThe researcheruses more thanone method toverify/checktheir findings.Matched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeDemandcharacteristicsWhen participantstry to guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a waythey believe theexperimenters wantAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfReductionistA criticism ofquantitativeapproaches, in thatthey try to reducecomplex phenomenato statistics andnumbers

Psychology Research Methods - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. When a test or experiment accurately measures what it intends to measure
    Validity
  2. A technique where rather than conducting new research with participants, the researchers examine the results of several studies that have already been conducted
    Meta-analysis
  3. This quantitative, experimental method, has a high level of control over the IV and DV
    Lab experiment
  4. This is a method of data collection whereby people discuss a particular topic in small groups
    Focus Groups
  5. This is the second stage of Braun and Clarkes 6 step Thematic Analysis, whereby the researcher labels their data in a way that captures something about the meaning.
    Generate codes
  6. An in depth investigation into only one person or situation
    Case study
  7. This is a research approach whereby researchers collect and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data.
    Mixed-Methods
  8. This is a type of interview format whereby the researcher has some guiding questions and prompts, but also allows the participant to expand on topics relevant to them
    Semi-structured
  9. This word means that results impartial, and are not influenced by personal biases
    Objectivity
  10. A fake (or dummy) treatment given to patients in the control group of a clinical trial.
    Placebo
  11. The grounds on which qualitative research may often be criticised, due to the findings being based on the researcher’s personal opinion
    Subjectivity
  12. This type of research approach relies on numbers and statistical testing
    Quantitative research
  13. This is a statistical technique that examines the relationship between two variables
    Correlation
  14. Where each participant is assigned to more than one condition of the IV
    Repeated measures
  15. This type of research approach relies on interpreting meaning from non-numerical data
    Qualitative research
  16. When neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which experimental group they are assigned to
    Double-blind
  17. This sampling technique means that researchers recruit participants based on how convenient and easy they are to access.
    Convenience sampling
  18. a decline in performance on a prolonged or demanding research task that is generally attributed to the participant becoming tired or bored with the task.
    Fatigue Effects
  19. The extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalized to real-life settings
    Ecological validity
  20. A group that is not subjected to the IV in a experiment
    Control group
  21. This is a guiding framework researchers may use to analyse qualitative data, popularised by Braun and Clarke (2006).
    Thematic Analysis
  22. characteristics of participants that may unintentionally influence how they respond to the DV e.g. age, gender
    Participant variables
  23. When the same participant will get the same result on a test on multiple occasions
    Test-retest reliability
  24. This can be considered as a guide/script that interviewers ask questions from
    Interview Schedule
  25. where a researcher tells the participants that they are being observed and what they are being observed for.
    Overt observation
  26. This sampling technique means that each individual within a given target population, have an equal likelihood of being selected to take part in a study.
    Random sampling
  27. When participants are given all the necessary information about an experiment before agreeing to take part
    Informed consent
  28. When two observers/experimenters give consistent ratings for the same participants.
    Inter-rater reliability
  29. The researcher uses more than one method to verify/check their findings.
    Data triangulation
  30. There are equal groups where participants are matched based on certain characteristics e.g. gender, age…etc
    Matched-pairs
  31. Where experimenters/observers rate behaviour differently due to having a desired outcome
    Observer bias
  32. When participants try to guess the true purpose of an experiment and behave in a way they believe the experimenters want
    Demand characteristics
  33. the tendency for survey respondents to agree with research statements, without the action being a true reflection of their own position or the question itself
    Acquiescence bias
  34. A criticism of quantitative approaches, in that they try to reduce complex phenomena to statistics and numbers
    Reductionist