QuantitativeresearchThis type ofresearchapproach relieson numbersand statisticaltestingFocusGroupsThis is a methodof data collectionwhereby peoplediscuss aparticular topic insmall groupsGeneratecodesThis is the secondstage of Braun andClarkes 6 stepThematic Analysis,whereby theresearcher labels theirdata in a way thatcaptures somethingabout the meaning.ValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureReductionistA criticism ofquantitativeapproaches, in thatthey try to reducecomplex phenomenato statistics andnumbersDatatriangulationThe researcheruses more thanone method toverify/checktheir findings.Meta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedConveniencesamplingThis samplingtechnique means thatresearchers recruitparticipants based onhow convenient andeasy they are toaccess.RandomsamplingThis samplingtechnique means thateach individual withina given targetpopulation, have anequal likelihood ofbeing selected totake part in a study.Matched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVDemandcharacteristicsWhen participantstry to guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a waythey believe theexperimenters wantInformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation aboutan experimentbefore agreeing totake partAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfCasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationParticipantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants thatmayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderObjectivityThis wordmeans thatresults impartial,and are notinfluenced bypersonal biasesQualitativeresearchThis type ofresearch approachrelies oninterpretingmeaning from non-numerical dataControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentSubjectivityThe grounds onwhich qualitativeresearch may oftenbe criticised, due tothe findings beingbased on theresearcher’s personalopinionLabexperimentThis quantitative,experimentalmethod, has ahigh level ofcontrol over theIV and DVInter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.Mixed-MethodsThis is a researchapproach wherebyresearchers collectand analyse bothquantitative andqualitative data.CorrelationThis is a statisticaltechnique thatexamines therelationshipbetween twovariablesFatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.Overtobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.Double-blindWhen neither theexperimenter northe participantsare aware of whichexperimentalgroup they areassigned toEcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsPlaceboA fake (ordummy)treatment givento patients in thecontrol group ofa clinical trial.InterviewScheduleThis can beconsidered as aguide/script thatinterviewersask questionsfromSemi-structuredThis is a type ofinterview formatwhereby theresearcher has someguiding questions andprompts, but alsoallows the participantto expand on topicsrelevant to themTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeThematicAnalysisThis is a guidingframeworkresearchers may useto analyse qualitativedata, popularised byBraun and Clarke(2006).QuantitativeresearchThis type ofresearchapproach relieson numbersand statisticaltestingFocusGroupsThis is a methodof data collectionwhereby peoplediscuss aparticular topic insmall groupsGeneratecodesThis is the secondstage of Braun andClarkes 6 stepThematic Analysis,whereby theresearcher labels theirdata in a way thatcaptures somethingabout the meaning.ValidityWhen a test orexperimentaccuratelymeasures whatit intends tomeasureReductionistA criticism ofquantitativeapproaches, in thatthey try to reducecomplex phenomenato statistics andnumbersDatatriangulationThe researcheruses more thanone method toverify/checktheir findings.Meta-analysisA technique whererather than conductingnew research withparticipants, theresearchers examinethe results of severalstudies that havealready beenconductedConveniencesamplingThis samplingtechnique means thatresearchers recruitparticipants based onhow convenient andeasy they are toaccess.RandomsamplingThis samplingtechnique means thateach individual withina given targetpopulation, have anequal likelihood ofbeing selected totake part in a study.Matched-pairsThere are equalgroups whereparticipants arematched based oncertaincharacteristics e.g.gender, age…etcRepeatedmeasuresWhere eachparticipant isassigned tomore than onecondition of theIVDemandcharacteristicsWhen participantstry to guess the truepurpose of anexperiment andbehave in a waythey believe theexperimenters wantInformedconsentWhen participantsare given all thenecessaryinformation aboutan experimentbefore agreeing totake partAcquiescencebiasthe tendency forsurvey respondentsto agree withresearch statements,without the actionbeing a true reflectionof their own positionor the question itselfCasestudyAn in depthinvestigationinto only oneperson orsituationParticipantvariablescharacteristics ofparticipants thatmayunintentionallyinfluence how theyrespond to the DVe.g. age, genderObjectivityThis wordmeans thatresults impartial,and are notinfluenced bypersonal biasesQualitativeresearchThis type ofresearch approachrelies oninterpretingmeaning from non-numerical dataControlgroupA group thatis notsubjected tothe IV in aexperimentSubjectivityThe grounds onwhich qualitativeresearch may oftenbe criticised, due tothe findings beingbased on theresearcher’s personalopinionLabexperimentThis quantitative,experimentalmethod, has ahigh level ofcontrol over theIV and DVInter-raterreliabilityWhen twoobservers/experimentersgive consistent ratingsfor the same participants.Mixed-MethodsThis is a researchapproach wherebyresearchers collectand analyse bothquantitative andqualitative data.CorrelationThis is a statisticaltechnique thatexamines therelationshipbetween twovariablesFatigueEffectsa decline inperformance on aprolonged ordemanding researchtask that is generallyattributed to theparticipant becomingtired or bored with thetask.Overtobservationwhere a researchertells the participantsthat they are beingobserved and whatthey are beingobserved for.Double-blindWhen neither theexperimenter northe participantsare aware of whichexperimentalgroup they areassigned toEcologicalvalidityThe extent towhich the findingsof a researchstudy are able tobe generalized toreal-life settingsPlaceboA fake (ordummy)treatment givento patients in thecontrol group ofa clinical trial.InterviewScheduleThis can beconsidered as aguide/script thatinterviewersask questionsfromSemi-structuredThis is a type ofinterview formatwhereby theresearcher has someguiding questions andprompts, but alsoallows the participantto expand on topicsrelevant to themTest-retestreliabilityWhen the sameparticipant willget the sameresult on a teston multipleoccasionsObserverbiasWhereexperimenters/observersrate behaviour differentlydue to having a desiredoutcomeThematicAnalysisThis is a guidingframeworkresearchers may useto analyse qualitativedata, popularised byBraun and Clarke(2006).

Psychology Research Methods - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. This type of research approach relies on numbers and statistical testing
    Quantitative research
  2. This is a method of data collection whereby people discuss a particular topic in small groups
    Focus Groups
  3. This is the second stage of Braun and Clarkes 6 step Thematic Analysis, whereby the researcher labels their data in a way that captures something about the meaning.
    Generate codes
  4. When a test or experiment accurately measures what it intends to measure
    Validity
  5. A criticism of quantitative approaches, in that they try to reduce complex phenomena to statistics and numbers
    Reductionist
  6. The researcher uses more than one method to verify/check their findings.
    Data triangulation
  7. A technique where rather than conducting new research with participants, the researchers examine the results of several studies that have already been conducted
    Meta-analysis
  8. This sampling technique means that researchers recruit participants based on how convenient and easy they are to access.
    Convenience sampling
  9. This sampling technique means that each individual within a given target population, have an equal likelihood of being selected to take part in a study.
    Random sampling
  10. There are equal groups where participants are matched based on certain characteristics e.g. gender, age…etc
    Matched-pairs
  11. Where each participant is assigned to more than one condition of the IV
    Repeated measures
  12. When participants try to guess the true purpose of an experiment and behave in a way they believe the experimenters want
    Demand characteristics
  13. When participants are given all the necessary information about an experiment before agreeing to take part
    Informed consent
  14. the tendency for survey respondents to agree with research statements, without the action being a true reflection of their own position or the question itself
    Acquiescence bias
  15. An in depth investigation into only one person or situation
    Case study
  16. characteristics of participants that may unintentionally influence how they respond to the DV e.g. age, gender
    Participant variables
  17. This word means that results impartial, and are not influenced by personal biases
    Objectivity
  18. This type of research approach relies on interpreting meaning from non-numerical data
    Qualitative research
  19. A group that is not subjected to the IV in a experiment
    Control group
  20. The grounds on which qualitative research may often be criticised, due to the findings being based on the researcher’s personal opinion
    Subjectivity
  21. This quantitative, experimental method, has a high level of control over the IV and DV
    Lab experiment
  22. When two observers/experimenters give consistent ratings for the same participants.
    Inter-rater reliability
  23. This is a research approach whereby researchers collect and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data.
    Mixed-Methods
  24. This is a statistical technique that examines the relationship between two variables
    Correlation
  25. a decline in performance on a prolonged or demanding research task that is generally attributed to the participant becoming tired or bored with the task.
    Fatigue Effects
  26. where a researcher tells the participants that they are being observed and what they are being observed for.
    Overt observation
  27. When neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which experimental group they are assigned to
    Double-blind
  28. The extent to which the findings of a research study are able to be generalized to real-life settings
    Ecological validity
  29. A fake (or dummy) treatment given to patients in the control group of a clinical trial.
    Placebo
  30. This can be considered as a guide/script that interviewers ask questions from
    Interview Schedule
  31. This is a type of interview format whereby the researcher has some guiding questions and prompts, but also allows the participant to expand on topics relevant to them
    Semi-structured
  32. When the same participant will get the same result on a test on multiple occasions
    Test-retest reliability
  33. Where experimenters/observers rate behaviour differently due to having a desired outcome
    Observer bias
  34. This is a guiding framework researchers may use to analyse qualitative data, popularised by Braun and Clarke (2006).
    Thematic Analysis