nonsensemutation() Used in statistical tests,the hypothesis that there isno real difference betweenthe observed and expecteddatasets. Statisticalmethods such as chi-square analysis are used totest the probabilityassociated with thishypothesis.The study of the effectsof reversible chemicalmodifications to DNAand/or histones on thepattern of geneexpression. Epigeneticmodifications do notalter the nucleotidesequence of DNA.frameshiftmutationapoptosisdihybridcrossdirectionalselectiondisjunctiondiploidA triplet of messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotides thatspecifies a particular aminoacid or a start or stopsignal in the genetic code.Sixty-one codons specifythe amino acids used inproteins, and three codons,called stop codons (UAG,UAA, UGA), sduplicationgeneticdriftA statistical test todetermine whetheror not an observedset of data isequivalent to atheoreticalexpectation.The nonreciprocalinteraction betweennonallelic genes suchthat one geneinfluences or interfereswith the expression ofanother gene, leadingto a specificphenotype.nullhypothesismitosiscentromerealleledeletionRandom variationin allele frequencyfrom generation togeneration, mostoften observed insmall populations.\Organisms havingtrue nuclei andmembranousorganelles andwhose cells divideby mitosis andmeiosis.() The contributionof the genotypicvarianceresponsible for thephenotypic variationof a trait observedin a population.A genetic crossinvolving twocharacters in whichthe parents possessdifferent forms ofeach character (e.g.,yellow, wrinkledpeas).A form of cell divisionproducing two progenycells identical genetically tothe parental cell—that is,the production of two cellsfrom one, each having thesame chromosomecomplement as the parentcell.heritabilityThe specializedheterochromaticchromosomal region atwhich sister chromatidsremain attached afterreplication, and the site towhich spindle fibers attachto the chromosome duringcell division. The location ofthe centromere determinesthe shA mutation thatchanges a codonspecifying an aminoacid into atermination codon,leading to prematuretermination duringtranslation of mRNA.DNAgyraseThe separationof chromosomesduring theanaphase stageof cell division.A chromosomalaberration inwhich asegment of thechromosome isrepeated.chi-squareanalysisSeemessengerRNAThe complex of DNA,RNA, histones, andnonhistone proteinsthat make up uncoiledchromosomes,characteristic of theeukaryotic interphasenucleus.DNAhelicasemodelorganismselectrophoresisOne of thepossiblealternative formsof a gene, oftendistinguished fromother alleles byphenotypic effects.For a given trait, ameasure of theproportion of totalphenotypic variationin a population thatis due to geneticfactors.broad-senseheritabilityA mutational eventleading to the insertion ordeletion (indels) of anumber of base pairs ina gene that is not amultiple of three. Thisshifts the codon readingframe in all codons thatfollow the mutational site.A chromosomalmutation, alsoreferred to as adeficiency,involving the lossof chromosomalmaterial.One of a class of enzymesknown as topoisomerasesthat converts closed circularDNA to a negativelysupercoiled form prior toreplication, transcription, orrecombination. The enzymeacts during DNA replication toreduce molecular tensioncausedinterferenceA selective forcethat changes thefrequency of anallele in a givendirection, eithertoward fixation ortoward elimination.In bacteria, a DNA moleculecontaining the organism’sgenome; in eukaryotes, aDNA molecule complexedwith RNA and proteins to forma threadlike structurecontaining genetic informationarranged in a linearsequence; a structure that isvisible depigenetics(I) A measure of the degreeto which one crossoveraffects the incidence ofanother crossover in anadjacent region of thesame chromatid. Negativeinterference increases thechance of anothercrossover; positiveinterference reduces theprobabicodonA carrier is aperson who canpass an inherited(genetic) diseaseon to their childrenbut who does nothave the disease.An enzyme thatparticipates inDNA replication byunwinding thedouble helix nearthe replicationfork.epistasisThe condition whencells containhomologous pairs ofeach chromosome,one derived from thepaternal parent andone from thematernal parent.haploidnumber(n) The number ofhomologouschromosome pairscharacteristic of anorganism orspecies.chromatinmRNAchromosomeeukaryotesepigenomeA geneticallycontrolled program ofcell death, activatedas part of normaldevelopment or as aresult of cell damage.nonsensemutation() Used in statistical tests,the hypothesis that there isno real difference betweenthe observed and expecteddatasets. Statisticalmethods such as chi-square analysis are used totest the probabilityassociated with thishypothesis.The study of the effectsof reversible chemicalmodifications to DNAand/or histones on thepattern of geneexpression. Epigeneticmodifications do notalter the nucleotidesequence of DNA.frameshiftmutationapoptosisdihybridcrossdirectionalselectiondisjunctiondiploidA triplet of messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotides thatspecifies a particular aminoacid or a start or stopsignal in the genetic code.Sixty-one codons specifythe amino acids used inproteins, and three codons,called stop codons (UAG,UAA, UGA), sduplicationgeneticdriftA statistical test todetermine whetheror not an observedset of data isequivalent to atheoreticalexpectation.The nonreciprocalinteraction betweennonallelic genes suchthat one geneinfluences or interfereswith the expression ofanother gene, leadingto a specificphenotype.nullhypothesismitosiscentromerealleledeletionRandom variationin allele frequencyfrom generation togeneration, mostoften observed insmall populations.\Organisms havingtrue nuclei andmembranousorganelles andwhose cells divideby mitosis andmeiosis.() The contributionof the genotypicvarianceresponsible for thephenotypic variationof a trait observedin a population.A genetic crossinvolving twocharacters in whichthe parents possessdifferent forms ofeach character (e.g.,yellow, wrinkledpeas).A form of cell divisionproducing two progenycells identical genetically tothe parental cell—that is,the production of two cellsfrom one, each having thesame chromosomecomplement as the parentcell.heritabilityThe specializedheterochromaticchromosomal region atwhich sister chromatidsremain attached afterreplication, and the site towhich spindle fibers attachto the chromosome duringcell division. The location ofthe centromere determinesthe shA mutation thatchanges a codonspecifying an aminoacid into atermination codon,leading to prematuretermination duringtranslation of mRNA.DNAgyraseThe separationof chromosomesduring theanaphase stageof cell division.A chromosomalaberration inwhich asegment of thechromosome isrepeated.chi-squareanalysisSeemessengerRNAThe complex of DNA,RNA, histones, andnonhistone proteinsthat make up uncoiledchromosomes,characteristic of theeukaryotic interphasenucleus.DNAhelicasemodelorganismselectrophoresisOne of thepossiblealternative formsof a gene, oftendistinguished fromother alleles byphenotypic effects.For a given trait, ameasure of theproportion of totalphenotypic variationin a population thatis due to geneticfactors.broad-senseheritabilityA mutational eventleading to the insertion ordeletion (indels) of anumber of base pairs ina gene that is not amultiple of three. Thisshifts the codon readingframe in all codons thatfollow the mutational site.A chromosomalmutation, alsoreferred to as adeficiency,involving the lossof chromosomalmaterial.One of a class of enzymesknown as topoisomerasesthat converts closed circularDNA to a negativelysupercoiled form prior toreplication, transcription, orrecombination. The enzymeacts during DNA replication toreduce molecular tensioncausedinterferenceA selective forcethat changes thefrequency of anallele in a givendirection, eithertoward fixation ortoward elimination.In bacteria, a DNA moleculecontaining the organism’sgenome; in eukaryotes, aDNA molecule complexedwith RNA and proteins to forma threadlike structurecontaining genetic informationarranged in a linearsequence; a structure that isvisible depigenetics(I) A measure of the degreeto which one crossoveraffects the incidence ofanother crossover in anadjacent region of thesame chromatid. Negativeinterference increases thechance of anothercrossover; positiveinterference reduces theprobabicodonA carrier is aperson who canpass an inherited(genetic) diseaseon to their childrenbut who does nothave the disease.An enzyme thatparticipates inDNA replication byunwinding thedouble helix nearthe replicationfork.epistasisThe condition whencells containhomologous pairs ofeach chromosome,one derived from thepaternal parent andone from thematernal parent.haploidnumber(n) The number ofhomologouschromosome pairscharacteristic of anorganism orspecies.chromatinmRNAchromosomeeukaryotesepigenomeA geneticallycontrolled program ofcell death, activatedas part of normaldevelopment or as aresult of cell damage.

GENETUC - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. nonsense mutation
  2. () Used in statistical tests, the hypothesis that there is no real difference between the observed and expected datasets. Statistical methods such as chi-square analysis are used to test the probability associated with this hypothesis.
  3. The study of the effects of reversible chemical modifications to DNA and/or histones on the pattern of gene expression. Epigenetic modifications do not alter the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
  4. frameshift mutation
  5. apoptosis
  6. dihybrid cross
  7. directional selection
  8. disjunction
  9. diploid
  10. A triplet of messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or a start or stop signal in the genetic code. Sixty-one codons specify the amino acids used in proteins, and three codons, called stop codons (UAG, UAA, UGA), s
  11. duplication
  12. genetic drift
  13. A statistical test to determine whether or not an observed set of data is equivalent to a theoretical expectation.
  14. The nonreciprocal interaction between nonallelic genes such that one gene influences or interferes with the expression of another gene, leading to a specific phenotype.
  15. null hypothesis
  16. mitosis
  17. centromere
  18. allele
  19. deletion
  20. Random variation in allele frequency from generation to generation, most often observed in small populations.\
  21. Organisms having true nuclei and membranous organelles and whose cells divide by mitosis and meiosis.
  22. () The contribution of the genotypic variance responsible for the phenotypic variation of a trait observed in a population.
  23. A genetic cross involving two characters in which the parents possess different forms of each character (e.g., yellow, wrinkled peas).
  24. A form of cell division producing two progeny cells identical genetically to the parental cell—that is, the production of two cells from one, each having the same chromosome complement as the parent cell.
  25. heritability
  26. The specialized heterochromatic chromosomal region at which sister chromatids remain attached after replication, and the site to which spindle fibers attach to the chromosome during cell division. The location of the centromere determines the sh
  27. A mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a termination codon, leading to premature termination during translation of mRNA.
  28. DNA gyrase
  29. The separation of chromosomes during the anaphase stage of cell division.
  30. A chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is repeated.
  31. chi-square analysis
  32. See messenger RNA
  33. The complex of DNA, RNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins that make up uncoiled chromosomes, characteristic of the eukaryotic interphase nucleus.
  34. DNA helicase
  35. model organisms
  36. electrophoresis
  37. One of the possible alternative forms of a gene, often distinguished from other alleles by phenotypic effects.
  38. For a given trait, a measure of the proportion of total phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic factors.
  39. broad-sense heritability
  40. A mutational event leading to the insertion or deletion (indels) of a number of base pairs in a gene that is not a multiple of three. This shifts the codon reading frame in all codons that follow the mutational site.
  41. A chromosomal mutation, also referred to as a deficiency, involving the loss of chromosomal material.
  42. One of a class of enzymes known as topoisomerases that converts closed circular DNA to a negatively supercoiled form prior to replication, transcription, or recombination. The enzyme acts during DNA replication to reduce molecular tension caused
  43. interference
  44. A selective force that changes the frequency of an allele in a given direction, either toward fixation or toward elimination.
  45. In bacteria, a DNA molecule containing the organism’s genome; in eukaryotes, a DNA molecule complexed with RNA and proteins to form a threadlike structure containing genetic information arranged in a linear sequence; a structure that is visible d
  46. epigenetics
  47. (I) A measure of the degree to which one crossover affects the incidence of another crossover in an adjacent region of the same chromatid. Negative interference increases the chance of another crossover; positive interference reduces the probabi
  48. codon
  49. A carrier is a person who can pass an inherited (genetic) disease on to their children but who does not have the disease.
  50. An enzyme that participates in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix near the replication fork.
  51. epistasis
  52. The condition when cells contain homologous pairs of each chromosome, one derived from the paternal parent and one from the maternal parent.
  53. haploid number
  54. (n) The number of homologous chromosome pairs characteristic of an organism or species.
  55. chromatin
  56. mRNA
  57. chromosome
  58. eukaryotes
  59. epigenome
  60. A genetically controlled program of cell death, activated as part of normal development or as a result of cell damage.