frameshiftmutationchi-squareanalysisFor a given trait, ameasure of theproportion of totalphenotypic variationin a population thatis due to geneticfactors.The study of the effectsof reversible chemicalmodifications to DNAand/or histones on thepattern of geneexpression. Epigeneticmodifications do notalter the nucleotidesequence of DNA.broad-senseheritabilityheritabilityIn bacteria, a DNA moleculecontaining the organism’sgenome; in eukaryotes, aDNA molecule complexedwith RNA and proteins to forma threadlike structurecontaining genetic informationarranged in a linearsequence; a structure that isvisible dinterferenceA mutation thatchanges a codonspecifying an aminoacid into atermination codon,leading to prematuretermination duringtranslation of mRNA.electrophoresisnonsensemutationepistasisOrganisms havingtrue nuclei andmembranousorganelles andwhose cells divideby mitosis andmeiosis.A form of cell divisionproducing two progenycells identical genetically tothe parental cell—that is,the production of two cellsfrom one, each having thesame chromosomecomplement as the parentcell.modelorganismsA selective forcethat changes thefrequency of anallele in a givendirection, eithertoward fixation ortoward elimination.A chromosomalaberration inwhich asegment of thechromosome isrepeated.A mutational eventleading to the insertion ordeletion (indels) of anumber of base pairs ina gene that is not amultiple of three. Thisshifts the codon readingframe in all codons thatfollow the mutational site.() Used in statistical tests,the hypothesis that there isno real difference betweenthe observed and expecteddatasets. Statisticalmethods such as chi-square analysis are used totest the probabilityassociated with thishypothesis.A genetic crossinvolving twocharacters in whichthe parents possessdifferent forms ofeach character (e.g.,yellow, wrinkledpeas).An enzyme thatparticipates inDNA replication byunwinding thedouble helix nearthe replicationfork.dihybridcrosschromosomehaploidnumberepigenomedirectionalselectionchromatinRandom variationin allele frequencyfrom generation togeneration, mostoften observed insmall populations.\The separationof chromosomesduring theanaphase stageof cell division.(I) A measure of the degreeto which one crossoveraffects the incidence ofanother crossover in anadjacent region of thesame chromatid. Negativeinterference increases thechance of anothercrossover; positiveinterference reduces theprobabiapoptosis Agenetically controlledprogram of celldeath, activated aspart of normaldevelopment or as aresult of cell damage.carrier is a personwho can pass aninherited (genetic)disease on to theirchildren but whodoes not have thedisease.() The contributionof the genotypicvarianceresponsible for thephenotypic variationof a trait observedin a population.mitosiscodonThe nonreciprocalinteraction betweennonallelic genes suchthat one geneinfluences or interfereswith the expression ofanother gene, leadingto a specificphenotype.(n) The number ofhomologouschromosome pairscharacteristic of anorganism orspecies.diploidSeemessengerRNAdisjunctionThe complex of DNA,RNA, histones, andnonhistone proteinsthat make up uncoiledchromosomes,characteristic of theeukaryotic interphasenucleus.DNAhelicaseepigeneticsThe condition whencells containhomologous pairs ofeach chromosome,one derived from thepaternal parent andone from thematernal parent.A statistical test todetermine whetheror not an observedset of data isequivalent to atheoreticalexpectation.deletiongeneticdriftDNAgyraseeukaryotesA triplet of messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotides thatspecifies a particular aminoacid or a start or stopsignal in the genetic code.Sixty-one codons specifythe amino acids used inproteins, and three codons,called stop codons (UAG,UAA, UGA), sA chromosomalmutation, alsoreferred to as adeficiency,involving the lossof chromosomalmaterial.allele One of thepossiblealternative formsof a gene, oftendistinguished fromother alleles byphenotypic effects.duplicationmRNAnullhypothesisOne of a class of enzymesknown as topoisomerasesthat converts closed circularDNA to a negativelysupercoiled form prior toreplication, transcription, orrecombination. The enzymeacts during DNA replication toreduce molecular tensioncausedcentromere The specializedheterochromaticchromosomal region atwhich sister chromatidsremain attached afterreplication, and the site towhich spindle fibers attachto the chromosome duringcell division. The location ofthe centromere determiframeshiftmutationchi-squareanalysisFor a given trait, ameasure of theproportion of totalphenotypic variationin a population thatis due to geneticfactors.The study of the effectsof reversible chemicalmodifications to DNAand/or histones on thepattern of geneexpression. Epigeneticmodifications do notalter the nucleotidesequence of DNA.broad-senseheritabilityheritabilityIn bacteria, a DNA moleculecontaining the organism’sgenome; in eukaryotes, aDNA molecule complexedwith RNA and proteins to forma threadlike structurecontaining genetic informationarranged in a linearsequence; a structure that isvisible dinterferenceA mutation thatchanges a codonspecifying an aminoacid into atermination codon,leading to prematuretermination duringtranslation of mRNA.electrophoresisnonsensemutationepistasisOrganisms havingtrue nuclei andmembranousorganelles andwhose cells divideby mitosis andmeiosis.A form of cell divisionproducing two progenycells identical genetically tothe parental cell—that is,the production of two cellsfrom one, each having thesame chromosomecomplement as the parentcell.modelorganismsA selective forcethat changes thefrequency of anallele in a givendirection, eithertoward fixation ortoward elimination.A chromosomalaberration inwhich asegment of thechromosome isrepeated.A mutational eventleading to the insertion ordeletion (indels) of anumber of base pairs ina gene that is not amultiple of three. Thisshifts the codon readingframe in all codons thatfollow the mutational site.() Used in statistical tests,the hypothesis that there isno real difference betweenthe observed and expecteddatasets. Statisticalmethods such as chi-square analysis are used totest the probabilityassociated with thishypothesis.A genetic crossinvolving twocharacters in whichthe parents possessdifferent forms ofeach character (e.g.,yellow, wrinkledpeas).An enzyme thatparticipates inDNA replication byunwinding thedouble helix nearthe replicationfork.dihybridcrosschromosomehaploidnumberepigenomedirectionalselectionchromatinRandom variationin allele frequencyfrom generation togeneration, mostoften observed insmall populations.\The separationof chromosomesduring theanaphase stageof cell division.(I) A measure of the degreeto which one crossoveraffects the incidence ofanother crossover in anadjacent region of thesame chromatid. Negativeinterference increases thechance of anothercrossover; positiveinterference reduces theprobabiapoptosis Agenetically controlledprogram of celldeath, activated aspart of normaldevelopment or as aresult of cell damage.carrier is a personwho can pass aninherited (genetic)disease on to theirchildren but whodoes not have thedisease.() The contributionof the genotypicvarianceresponsible for thephenotypic variationof a trait observedin a population.mitosiscodonThe nonreciprocalinteraction betweennonallelic genes suchthat one geneinfluences or interfereswith the expression ofanother gene, leadingto a specificphenotype.(n) The number ofhomologouschromosome pairscharacteristic of anorganism orspecies.diploidSeemessengerRNAdisjunctionThe complex of DNA,RNA, histones, andnonhistone proteinsthat make up uncoiledchromosomes,characteristic of theeukaryotic interphasenucleus.DNAhelicaseepigeneticsThe condition whencells containhomologous pairs ofeach chromosome,one derived from thepaternal parent andone from thematernal parent.A statistical test todetermine whetheror not an observedset of data isequivalent to atheoreticalexpectation.deletiongeneticdriftDNAgyraseeukaryotesA triplet of messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotides thatspecifies a particular aminoacid or a start or stopsignal in the genetic code.Sixty-one codons specifythe amino acids used inproteins, and three codons,called stop codons (UAG,UAA, UGA), sA chromosomalmutation, alsoreferred to as adeficiency,involving the lossof chromosomalmaterial.allele One of thepossiblealternative formsof a gene, oftendistinguished fromother alleles byphenotypic effects.duplicationmRNAnullhypothesisOne of a class of enzymesknown as topoisomerasesthat converts closed circularDNA to a negativelysupercoiled form prior toreplication, transcription, orrecombination. The enzymeacts during DNA replication toreduce molecular tensioncausedcentromere The specializedheterochromaticchromosomal region atwhich sister chromatidsremain attached afterreplication, and the site towhich spindle fibers attachto the chromosome duringcell division. The location ofthe centromere determi

GENETICS - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. frameshift mutation
  2. chi-square analysis
  3. For a given trait, a measure of the proportion of total phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic factors.
  4. The study of the effects of reversible chemical modifications to DNA and/or histones on the pattern of gene expression. Epigenetic modifications do not alter the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
  5. broad-sense heritability
  6. heritability
  7. In bacteria, a DNA molecule containing the organism’s genome; in eukaryotes, a DNA molecule complexed with RNA and proteins to form a threadlike structure containing genetic information arranged in a linear sequence; a structure that is visible d
  8. interference
  9. A mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a termination codon, leading to premature termination during translation of mRNA.
  10. electrophoresis
  11. nonsense mutation
  12. epistasis
  13. Organisms having true nuclei and membranous organelles and whose cells divide by mitosis and meiosis.
  14. A form of cell division producing two progeny cells identical genetically to the parental cell—that is, the production of two cells from one, each having the same chromosome complement as the parent cell.
  15. model organisms
  16. A selective force that changes the frequency of an allele in a given direction, either toward fixation or toward elimination.
  17. A chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is repeated.
  18. A mutational event leading to the insertion or deletion (indels) of a number of base pairs in a gene that is not a multiple of three. This shifts the codon reading frame in all codons that follow the mutational site.
  19. () Used in statistical tests, the hypothesis that there is no real difference between the observed and expected datasets. Statistical methods such as chi-square analysis are used to test the probability associated with this hypothesis.
  20. A genetic cross involving two characters in which the parents possess different forms of each character (e.g., yellow, wrinkled peas).
  21. An enzyme that participates in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix near the replication fork.
  22. dihybrid cross
  23. chromosome
  24. haploid number
  25. epigenome
  26. directional selection
  27. chromatin
  28. Random variation in allele frequency from generation to generation, most often observed in small populations.\
  29. The separation of chromosomes during the anaphase stage of cell division.
  30. (I) A measure of the degree to which one crossover affects the incidence of another crossover in an adjacent region of the same chromatid. Negative interference increases the chance of another crossover; positive interference reduces the probabi
  31. apoptosis A genetically controlled program of cell death, activated as part of normal development or as a result of cell damage.
  32. carrier is a person who can pass an inherited (genetic) disease on to their children but who does not have the disease.
  33. () The contribution of the genotypic variance responsible for the phenotypic variation of a trait observed in a population.
  34. mitosis
  35. codon
  36. The nonreciprocal interaction between nonallelic genes such that one gene influences or interferes with the expression of another gene, leading to a specific phenotype.
  37. (n) The number of homologous chromosome pairs characteristic of an organism or species.
  38. diploid
  39. See messenger RNA
  40. disjunction
  41. The complex of DNA, RNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins that make up uncoiled chromosomes, characteristic of the eukaryotic interphase nucleus.
  42. DNA helicase
  43. epigenetics
  44. The condition when cells contain homologous pairs of each chromosome, one derived from the paternal parent and one from the maternal parent.
  45. A statistical test to determine whether or not an observed set of data is equivalent to a theoretical expectation.
  46. deletion
  47. genetic drift
  48. DNA gyrase
  49. eukaryotes
  50. A triplet of messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or a start or stop signal in the genetic code. Sixty-one codons specify the amino acids used in proteins, and three codons, called stop codons (UAG, UAA, UGA), s
  51. A chromosomal mutation, also referred to as a deficiency, involving the loss of chromosomal material.
  52. allele One of the possible alternative forms of a gene, often distinguished from other alleles by phenotypic effects.
  53. duplication
  54. mRNA
  55. null hypothesis
  56. One of a class of enzymes known as topoisomerases that converts closed circular DNA to a negatively supercoiled form prior to replication, transcription, or recombination. The enzyme acts during DNA replication to reduce molecular tension caused
  57. centromere The specialized heterochromatic chromosomal region at which sister chromatids remain attached after replication, and the site to which spindle fibers attach to the chromosome during cell division. The location of the centromere determi