One of a class of enzymesknown as topoisomerasesthat converts closed circularDNA to a negativelysupercoiled form prior toreplication, transcription, orrecombination. The enzymeacts during DNA replication toreduce molecular tensioncausedhaploidnumberIn bacteria, a DNA moleculecontaining the organism’sgenome; in eukaryotes, aDNA molecule complexedwith RNA and proteins to forma threadlike structurecontaining genetic informationarranged in a linearsequence; a structure that isvisible dA selective forcethat changes thefrequency of anallele in a givendirection, eithertoward fixation ortoward elimination.chromatinA mutational eventleading to the insertion ordeletion (indels) of anumber of base pairs ina gene that is not amultiple of three. Thisshifts the codon readingframe in all codons thatfollow the mutational site.diploidchi-squareanalysisThe study of the effectsof reversible chemicalmodifications to DNAand/or histones on thepattern of geneexpression. Epigeneticmodifications do notalter the nucleotidesequence of DNA.chromosomeA mutation thatchanges a codonspecifying an aminoacid into atermination codon,leading to prematuretermination duringtranslation of mRNA.apoptosis Agenetically controlledprogram of celldeath, activated aspart of normaldevelopment or as aresult of cell damage.A genetic crossinvolving twocharacters in whichthe parents possessdifferent forms ofeach character (e.g.,yellow, wrinkledpeas).interferenceOrganisms havingtrue nuclei andmembranousorganelles andwhose cells divideby mitosis andmeiosis.directionalselectioncodon(I) A measure of the degreeto which one crossoveraffects the incidence ofanother crossover in anadjacent region of thesame chromatid. Negativeinterference increases thechance of anothercrossover; positiveinterference reduces theprobabicentromere The specializedheterochromaticchromosomal region atwhich sister chromatidsremain attached afterreplication, and the site towhich spindle fibers attachto the chromosome duringcell division. The location ofthe centromere determiFor a given trait, ameasure of theproportion of totalphenotypic variationin a population thatis due to geneticfactors.() Used in statistical tests,the hypothesis that there isno real difference betweenthe observed and expecteddatasets. Statisticalmethods such as chi-square analysis are used totest the probabilityassociated with thishypothesis.deletionA form of cell divisionproducing two progenycells identical genetically tothe parental cell—that is,the production of two cellsfrom one, each having thesame chromosomecomplement as the parentcell.A triplet of messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotides thatspecifies a particular aminoacid or a start or stopsignal in the genetic code.Sixty-one codons specifythe amino acids used inproteins, and three codons,called stop codons (UAG,UAA, UGA), sepistasiseukaryotesAn enzyme thatparticipates inDNA replication byunwinding thedouble helix nearthe replicationfork.epigeneticselectrophoresisA statistical test todetermine whetheror not an observedset of data isequivalent to atheoreticalexpectation.duplicationmodelorganismsmRNAbroad-senseheritabilityheritabilitynullhypothesisframeshiftmutationA chromosomalmutation, alsoreferred to as adeficiency,involving the lossof chromosomalmaterial.DNAgyraseThe separationof chromosomesduring theanaphase stageof cell division.The condition whencells containhomologous pairs ofeach chromosome,one derived from thepaternal parent andone from thematernal parent.SeemessengerRNAdisjunctioncarrier is a personwho can pass aninherited (genetic)disease on to theirchildren but whodoes not have thedisease.geneticdrift() The contributionof the genotypicvarianceresponsible for thephenotypic variationof a trait observedin a population.epigenome(n) The number ofhomologouschromosome pairscharacteristic of anorganism orspecies.Random variationin allele frequencyfrom generation togeneration, mostoften observed insmall populations.\A chromosomalaberration inwhich asegment of thechromosome isrepeated.allele One of thepossiblealternative formsof a gene, oftendistinguished fromother alleles byphenotypic effects.dihybridcrossThe nonreciprocalinteraction betweennonallelic genes suchthat one geneinfluences or interfereswith the expression ofanother gene, leadingto a specificphenotype.DNAhelicaseThe complex of DNA,RNA, histones, andnonhistone proteinsthat make up uncoiledchromosomes,characteristic of theeukaryotic interphasenucleus.nonsensemutationmitosisOne of a class of enzymesknown as topoisomerasesthat converts closed circularDNA to a negativelysupercoiled form prior toreplication, transcription, orrecombination. The enzymeacts during DNA replication toreduce molecular tensioncausedhaploidnumberIn bacteria, a DNA moleculecontaining the organism’sgenome; in eukaryotes, aDNA molecule complexedwith RNA and proteins to forma threadlike structurecontaining genetic informationarranged in a linearsequence; a structure that isvisible dA selective forcethat changes thefrequency of anallele in a givendirection, eithertoward fixation ortoward elimination.chromatinA mutational eventleading to the insertion ordeletion (indels) of anumber of base pairs ina gene that is not amultiple of three. Thisshifts the codon readingframe in all codons thatfollow the mutational site.diploidchi-squareanalysisThe study of the effectsof reversible chemicalmodifications to DNAand/or histones on thepattern of geneexpression. Epigeneticmodifications do notalter the nucleotidesequence of DNA.chromosomeA mutation thatchanges a codonspecifying an aminoacid into atermination codon,leading to prematuretermination duringtranslation of mRNA.apoptosis Agenetically controlledprogram of celldeath, activated aspart of normaldevelopment or as aresult of cell damage.A genetic crossinvolving twocharacters in whichthe parents possessdifferent forms ofeach character (e.g.,yellow, wrinkledpeas).interferenceOrganisms havingtrue nuclei andmembranousorganelles andwhose cells divideby mitosis andmeiosis.directionalselectioncodon(I) A measure of the degreeto which one crossoveraffects the incidence ofanother crossover in anadjacent region of thesame chromatid. Negativeinterference increases thechance of anothercrossover; positiveinterference reduces theprobabicentromere The specializedheterochromaticchromosomal region atwhich sister chromatidsremain attached afterreplication, and the site towhich spindle fibers attachto the chromosome duringcell division. The location ofthe centromere determiFor a given trait, ameasure of theproportion of totalphenotypic variationin a population thatis due to geneticfactors.() Used in statistical tests,the hypothesis that there isno real difference betweenthe observed and expecteddatasets. Statisticalmethods such as chi-square analysis are used totest the probabilityassociated with thishypothesis.deletionA form of cell divisionproducing two progenycells identical genetically tothe parental cell—that is,the production of two cellsfrom one, each having thesame chromosomecomplement as the parentcell.A triplet of messenger RNA(mRNA) nucleotides thatspecifies a particular aminoacid or a start or stopsignal in the genetic code.Sixty-one codons specifythe amino acids used inproteins, and three codons,called stop codons (UAG,UAA, UGA), sepistasiseukaryotesAn enzyme thatparticipates inDNA replication byunwinding thedouble helix nearthe replicationfork.epigeneticselectrophoresisA statistical test todetermine whetheror not an observedset of data isequivalent to atheoreticalexpectation.duplicationmodelorganismsmRNAbroad-senseheritabilityheritabilitynullhypothesisframeshiftmutationA chromosomalmutation, alsoreferred to as adeficiency,involving the lossof chromosomalmaterial.DNAgyraseThe separationof chromosomesduring theanaphase stageof cell division.The condition whencells containhomologous pairs ofeach chromosome,one derived from thepaternal parent andone from thematernal parent.SeemessengerRNAdisjunctioncarrier is a personwho can pass aninherited (genetic)disease on to theirchildren but whodoes not have thedisease.geneticdrift() The contributionof the genotypicvarianceresponsible for thephenotypic variationof a trait observedin a population.epigenome(n) The number ofhomologouschromosome pairscharacteristic of anorganism orspecies.Random variationin allele frequencyfrom generation togeneration, mostoften observed insmall populations.\A chromosomalaberration inwhich asegment of thechromosome isrepeated.allele One of thepossiblealternative formsof a gene, oftendistinguished fromother alleles byphenotypic effects.dihybridcrossThe nonreciprocalinteraction betweennonallelic genes suchthat one geneinfluences or interfereswith the expression ofanother gene, leadingto a specificphenotype.DNAhelicaseThe complex of DNA,RNA, histones, andnonhistone proteinsthat make up uncoiledchromosomes,characteristic of theeukaryotic interphasenucleus.nonsensemutationmitosis

GENETICS - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. One of a class of enzymes known as topoisomerases that converts closed circular DNA to a negatively supercoiled form prior to replication, transcription, or recombination. The enzyme acts during DNA replication to reduce molecular tension caused
  2. haploid number
  3. In bacteria, a DNA molecule containing the organism’s genome; in eukaryotes, a DNA molecule complexed with RNA and proteins to form a threadlike structure containing genetic information arranged in a linear sequence; a structure that is visible d
  4. A selective force that changes the frequency of an allele in a given direction, either toward fixation or toward elimination.
  5. chromatin
  6. A mutational event leading to the insertion or deletion (indels) of a number of base pairs in a gene that is not a multiple of three. This shifts the codon reading frame in all codons that follow the mutational site.
  7. diploid
  8. chi-square analysis
  9. The study of the effects of reversible chemical modifications to DNA and/or histones on the pattern of gene expression. Epigenetic modifications do not alter the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
  10. chromosome
  11. A mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a termination codon, leading to premature termination during translation of mRNA.
  12. apoptosis A genetically controlled program of cell death, activated as part of normal development or as a result of cell damage.
  13. A genetic cross involving two characters in which the parents possess different forms of each character (e.g., yellow, wrinkled peas).
  14. interference
  15. Organisms having true nuclei and membranous organelles and whose cells divide by mitosis and meiosis.
  16. directional selection
  17. codon
  18. (I) A measure of the degree to which one crossover affects the incidence of another crossover in an adjacent region of the same chromatid. Negative interference increases the chance of another crossover; positive interference reduces the probabi
  19. centromere The specialized heterochromatic chromosomal region at which sister chromatids remain attached after replication, and the site to which spindle fibers attach to the chromosome during cell division. The location of the centromere determi
  20. For a given trait, a measure of the proportion of total phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic factors.
  21. () Used in statistical tests, the hypothesis that there is no real difference between the observed and expected datasets. Statistical methods such as chi-square analysis are used to test the probability associated with this hypothesis.
  22. deletion
  23. A form of cell division producing two progeny cells identical genetically to the parental cell—that is, the production of two cells from one, each having the same chromosome complement as the parent cell.
  24. A triplet of messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or a start or stop signal in the genetic code. Sixty-one codons specify the amino acids used in proteins, and three codons, called stop codons (UAG, UAA, UGA), s
  25. epistasis
  26. eukaryotes
  27. An enzyme that participates in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix near the replication fork.
  28. epigenetics
  29. electrophoresis
  30. A statistical test to determine whether or not an observed set of data is equivalent to a theoretical expectation.
  31. duplication
  32. model organisms
  33. mRNA
  34. broad-sense heritability
  35. heritability
  36. null hypothesis
  37. frameshift mutation
  38. A chromosomal mutation, also referred to as a deficiency, involving the loss of chromosomal material.
  39. DNA gyrase
  40. The separation of chromosomes during the anaphase stage of cell division.
  41. The condition when cells contain homologous pairs of each chromosome, one derived from the paternal parent and one from the maternal parent.
  42. See messenger RNA
  43. disjunction
  44. carrier is a person who can pass an inherited (genetic) disease on to their children but who does not have the disease.
  45. genetic drift
  46. () The contribution of the genotypic variance responsible for the phenotypic variation of a trait observed in a population.
  47. epigenome
  48. (n) The number of homologous chromosome pairs characteristic of an organism or species.
  49. Random variation in allele frequency from generation to generation, most often observed in small populations.\
  50. A chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is repeated.
  51. allele One of the possible alternative forms of a gene, often distinguished from other alleles by phenotypic effects.
  52. dihybrid cross
  53. The nonreciprocal interaction between nonallelic genes such that one gene influences or interferes with the expression of another gene, leading to a specific phenotype.
  54. DNA helicase
  55. The complex of DNA, RNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins that make up uncoiled chromosomes, characteristic of the eukaryotic interphase nucleus.
  56. nonsense mutation
  57. mitosis