MetabolismThe biochemicalalteration of a druginto an inactivemetabolite, a moresoluble compound, amore potent activemetabolite, or a lessactive metaboliteProtienBindingProtein binding capacity   Albumin  - large molecule– carries most protein-bound drug molecules –only limited amount that isnot bound if it binds toalbumin   Unbound is considered"free" if albumin is low –most of the drug isunbound – thisDistributionThe transport ofa drug by thebloodstream toits site of action MedicationErrorsLack of knowledge orinformationFaultycommunicationEquipment errorsCalculation andmeasurement errorsOnsetThe time ittakes for thedrug to elicit atherapeuticresponse GenericName(nonproprietaryname)Name given bythe UnitedStates AdoptedNames Council PreventingErrorsMultiple system of checkand balancesLegible and correctordersAppropriate consultationCheck medication order3 times7 rights of mediationadministrationSideEffectsare unintended, oftenpredictable, physiologicaleffects that are usually welltolerated by patients. Theyoccur at the usualprescribed dose and maybe immediate (e.g.,dizziness) or delayed (e.g.,constipation). Forhospitalized patients, youProphylacticTherapyprevent illness –antibiotic beforesurgery – travelingto geographic areawhere a givendisease is knownto be endemicHalf-lifeThe time it takes for onehalf of the original amountof a drug to be removedfrom the bodyA measure of the rate atwhich a drug is removedfrom the bodyMost drugs considered tobe effectively removed afterabout five half-livesIdiosyncraticreactionsunexpected, abnormal, orpeculiar responses tomedications. Idiosyncraticreactions may take theform of extreme sensitivityto a medication, lack ofresponse, or a paradoxical(opposite of expected)response, such as agitationin response to a sAdditiveEffecttaking twodifferent painrelievers, likeaspirin andacetaminophen,togetherExcrectionThe elimination ofdrugs from the bodyKidneys (main organ)LiverBowelLungsExocrine glands(breast milk)DrugActionsThe cellularprocessesinvolved in thedrug and cellinteractionTolerancea decreasingresponse to repeateddoses of amedication. Theperson then requiresmore of the drug toachieve the desiredeffect.DurationThe time a drugconcentration issufficient toelicit atherapeuticresponseAcuteTherapyused in acutelyill (rapid onsetof disease) –critically ill –may be neededto sustain lifeAbsorptionMovement of adrug from its siteof administrationinto thebloodstream fordistribution to thetissuesCulturalAssessmentLanguagesspokenHealthbeliefs andpracticesAntagonistmedications that canblock the usual receptoractivity thatendogenous compoundsregulate or thereceptor activity of othermedicationsPeakThe time ittakes for a drugto reach itsmaximumtherapeuticresponse RoutesEnteral (GI tract)oral, sublingual, buccal,rectal, sublingual, Parenteral (not GI)sublingual, IM, ID,intrathecal, intraarticular bypass first-pass effect butstill must be absorbed bythe cells and tissues beforethey can exert theirpharmacolAdversereactionsare harmful, unintended,usually unpredictedreactions to a drugadministered at the normaldosage. They are moresevere than side effectsand often requirediscontinuation of the drug.The FDA defines severeadverse reactions as thosethat 1) aTradeNameThe drug has aregistered trademark;use of the name isrestricted by thedrug’s patent owner(usually themanufacturer)MetabolismThe biochemicalalteration of a druginto an inactivemetabolite, a moresoluble compound, amore potent activemetabolite, or a lessactive metaboliteProtienBindingProtein binding capacity   Albumin  - large molecule– carries most protein-bound drug molecules –only limited amount that isnot bound if it binds toalbumin   Unbound is considered"free" if albumin is low –most of the drug isunbound – thisDistributionThe transport ofa drug by thebloodstream toits site of action MedicationErrorsLack of knowledge orinformationFaultycommunicationEquipment errorsCalculation andmeasurement errorsOnsetThe time ittakes for thedrug to elicit atherapeuticresponse GenericName(nonproprietaryname)Name given bythe UnitedStates AdoptedNames Council PreventingErrorsMultiple system of checkand balancesLegible and correctordersAppropriate consultationCheck medication order3 times7 rights of mediationadministrationSideEffectsare unintended, oftenpredictable, physiologicaleffects that are usually welltolerated by patients. Theyoccur at the usualprescribed dose and maybe immediate (e.g.,dizziness) or delayed (e.g.,constipation). Forhospitalized patients, youProphylacticTherapyprevent illness –antibiotic beforesurgery – travelingto geographic areawhere a givendisease is knownto be endemicHalf-lifeThe time it takes for onehalf of the original amountof a drug to be removedfrom the bodyA measure of the rate atwhich a drug is removedfrom the bodyMost drugs considered tobe effectively removed afterabout five half-livesIdiosyncraticreactionsunexpected, abnormal, orpeculiar responses tomedications. Idiosyncraticreactions may take theform of extreme sensitivityto a medication, lack ofresponse, or a paradoxical(opposite of expected)response, such as agitationin response to a sAdditiveEffecttaking twodifferent painrelievers, likeaspirin andacetaminophen,togetherExcrectionThe elimination ofdrugs from the bodyKidneys (main organ)LiverBowelLungsExocrine glands(breast milk)DrugActionsThe cellularprocessesinvolved in thedrug and cellinteractionTolerancea decreasingresponse to repeateddoses of amedication. Theperson then requiresmore of the drug toachieve the desiredeffect.DurationThe time a drugconcentration issufficient toelicit atherapeuticresponseAcuteTherapyused in acutelyill (rapid onsetof disease) –critically ill –may be neededto sustain lifeAbsorptionMovement of adrug from its siteof administrationinto thebloodstream fordistribution to thetissuesCulturalAssessmentLanguagesspokenHealthbeliefs andpracticesAntagonistmedications that canblock the usual receptoractivity thatendogenous compoundsregulate or thereceptor activity of othermedicationsPeakThe time ittakes for a drugto reach itsmaximumtherapeuticresponse RoutesEnteral (GI tract)oral, sublingual, buccal,rectal, sublingual, Parenteral (not GI)sublingual, IM, ID,intrathecal, intraarticular bypass first-pass effect butstill must be absorbed bythe cells and tissues beforethey can exert theirpharmacolAdversereactionsare harmful, unintended,usually unpredictedreactions to a drugadministered at the normaldosage. They are moresevere than side effectsand often requirediscontinuation of the drug.The FDA defines severeadverse reactions as thosethat 1) aTradeNameThe drug has aregistered trademark;use of the name isrestricted by thedrug’s patent owner(usually themanufacturer)

Pharmacology review - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. The biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active metabolite
    Metabolism
  2. Protein binding capacity    Albumin  - large molecule – carries most protein-bound drug molecules – only limited amount that is not bound if it binds to albumin    Unbound is considered "free" if albumin is low – most of the drug is unbound – this
    Protien Binding
  3. The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
    Distribution
  4. Lack of knowledge or information Faulty communication Equipment errors Calculation and measurement errors
    Medication Errors
  5. The time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response
    Onset
  6. (nonproprietary name) Name given by the United States Adopted Names Council
    Generic Name
  7. Multiple system of check and balances Legible and correct orders Appropriate consultation Check medication order 3 times 7 rights of mediation administration
    Preventing Errors
  8. are unintended, often predictable, physiological effects that are usually well tolerated by patients. They occur at the usual prescribed dose and may be immediate (e.g., dizziness) or delayed (e.g., constipation). For hospitalized patients, you
    Side Effects
  9. prevent illness – antibiotic before surgery – traveling to geographic area where a given disease is known to be endemic
    Prophylactic Therapy
  10. The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body Most drugs considered to be effectively removed after about five half-lives
    Half-life
  11. unexpected, abnormal, or peculiar responses to medications. Idiosyncratic reactions may take the form of extreme sensitivity to a medication, lack of response, or a paradoxical (opposite of expected) response, such as agitation in response to a s
    Idiosyncratic reactions
  12. taking two different pain relievers, like aspirin and acetaminophen, together
    Additive Effect
  13. The elimination of drugs from the body Kidneys (main organ) Liver Bowel Lungs Exocrine glands (breast milk)
    Excrection
  14. The cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction
    Drug Actions
  15. a decreasing response to repeated doses of a medication. The person then requires more of the drug to achieve the desired effect.
    Tolerance
  16. The time a drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response
    Duration
  17. used in acutely ill (rapid onset of disease) – critically ill – may be needed to sustain life
    Acute Therapy
  18. Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues
    Absorption
  19. Languages spoken Health beliefs and practices
    Cultural Assessment
  20. medications that can block the usual receptor activity that endogenous compounds regulate or the receptor activity of other medications
    Antagonist
  21. The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response 
    Peak
  22. Enteral (GI tract) oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, sublingual,  Parenteral (not GI) sublingual, IM, ID, intrathecal, intraarticular  bypass first-pass effect but still must be absorbed by the cells and tissues before they can exert their pharmacol
    Routes
  23. are harmful, unintended, usually unpredicted reactions to a drug administered at the normal dosage. They are more severe than side effects and often require discontinuation of the drug. The FDA defines severe adverse reactions as those that 1) a
    Adverse reactions
  24. The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name is restricted by the drug’s patent owner (usually the manufacturer)
    Trade Name