Ischemic CVA majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart CSF made of glucose and protein Intracerebral Hemorrhage risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration- deceleration injury Cerebral angiography uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy Lumbar Puncture evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures Subarachnoid Hemorrhage symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life” Acidosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation Penumbra area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused Lethargic drowsy, awakens when shook Alkalosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess level of consciousness MRA evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging Fibrinolytics must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria Semi- comatose purposeful movements when stimulated EEG used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity Level of consciousness often declines before any other neurological change Autonomic Dysreflexia causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients ICP monitoring monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus Hyperventilation used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction Withdrawal smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus Stuporous very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection Dilantin medication used for seizure management Thrombectomy must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria Hypertension greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke Alert/awake easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain Mannitol used to reduce intracranial pressure Localization purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus CT scan used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast Comatose no response or reflexes, may have posturing Ischemic CVA majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart CSF made of glucose and protein Intracerebral Hemorrhage risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration- deceleration injury Cerebral angiography uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy Lumbar Puncture evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures Subarachnoid Hemorrhage symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life” Acidosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation Penumbra area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused Lethargic drowsy, awakens when shook Alkalosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess level of consciousness MRA evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging Fibrinolytics must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria Semi- comatose purposeful movements when stimulated EEG used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity Level of consciousness often declines before any other neurological change Autonomic Dysreflexia causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients ICP monitoring monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus Hyperventilation used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction Withdrawal smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus Stuporous very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection Dilantin medication used for seizure management Thrombectomy must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria Hypertension greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke Alert/awake easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain Mannitol used to reduce intracranial pressure Localization purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus CT scan used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast Comatose no response or reflexes, may have posturing
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majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart
made of glucose and protein
risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration-deceleration injury
uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy
evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures
symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life”
pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation
area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused
drowsy, awakens when shook
pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction
used to assess level of consciousness
evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging
must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria
purposeful movements when stimulated
used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity
often declines before any other neurological change
causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients
monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus
used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction
smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus
very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection
medication used for seizure management
must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria
greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke
easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain
used to reduce intracranial pressure
purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus
used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast
no response or reflexes, may have posturing
