Ischemic CVA majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart Alkalosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction Subarachnoid Hemorrhage symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life” Intracerebral Hemorrhage risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration- deceleration injury Acidosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess level of consciousness Thrombectomy must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria Semi- comatose purposeful movements when stimulated Lumbar Puncture evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures Fibrinolytics must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria CT scan used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast Mannitol used to reduce intracranial pressure Comatose no response or reflexes, may have posturing Lethargic drowsy, awakens when shook Penumbra area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused Withdrawal smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus MRA evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging Dilantin medication used for seizure management Hyperventilation used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction Hypertension greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke Level of consciousness often declines before any other neurological change ICP monitoring monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus CSF made of glucose and protein Stuporous very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection Localization purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus EEG used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity Alert/awake easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain Autonomic Dysreflexia causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients Cerebral angiography uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy Ischemic CVA majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart Alkalosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction Subarachnoid Hemorrhage symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life” Intracerebral Hemorrhage risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration- deceleration injury Acidosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess level of consciousness Thrombectomy must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria Semi- comatose purposeful movements when stimulated Lumbar Puncture evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures Fibrinolytics must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria CT scan used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast Mannitol used to reduce intracranial pressure Comatose no response or reflexes, may have posturing Lethargic drowsy, awakens when shook Penumbra area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused Withdrawal smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus MRA evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging Dilantin medication used for seizure management Hyperventilation used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction Hypertension greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke Level of consciousness often declines before any other neurological change ICP monitoring monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus CSF made of glucose and protein Stuporous very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection Localization purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus EEG used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity Alert/awake easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain Autonomic Dysreflexia causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients Cerebral angiography uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy
(Print)
majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart
pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction
symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life”
risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration-deceleration injury
pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation
used to assess level of consciousness
must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria
purposeful movements when stimulated
evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures
must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria
used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast
used to reduce intracranial pressure
no response or reflexes, may have posturing
drowsy, awakens when shook
area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused
smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus
evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging
medication used for seizure management
used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction
greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke
often declines before any other neurological change
monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus
made of glucose and protein
very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection
purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus
used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity
easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain
causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients
uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy
