Hypertension greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke Fibrinolytics must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria Comatose no response or reflexes, may have posturing Cerebral angiography uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess level of consciousness Hyperventilation used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction Level of consciousness often declines before any other neurological change MRA evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging Lumbar Puncture evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures Alkalosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction Dilantin medication used for seizure management Thrombectomy must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria Alert/awake easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain Mannitol used to reduce intracranial pressure Intracerebral Hemorrhage risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration- deceleration injury Acidosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation Penumbra area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused Autonomic Dysreflexia causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients CSF made of glucose and protein Lethargic drowsy, awakens when shook Ischemic CVA majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart Subarachnoid Hemorrhage symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life” EEG used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity Withdrawal smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus CT scan used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast Localization purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus ICP monitoring monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus Semi- comatose purposeful movements when stimulated Stuporous very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection Hypertension greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke Fibrinolytics must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria Comatose no response or reflexes, may have posturing Cerebral angiography uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess level of consciousness Hyperventilation used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction Level of consciousness often declines before any other neurological change MRA evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging Lumbar Puncture evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures Alkalosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction Dilantin medication used for seizure management Thrombectomy must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria Alert/awake easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain Mannitol used to reduce intracranial pressure Intracerebral Hemorrhage risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration- deceleration injury Acidosis pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation Penumbra area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused Autonomic Dysreflexia causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients CSF made of glucose and protein Lethargic drowsy, awakens when shook Ischemic CVA majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart Subarachnoid Hemorrhage symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life” EEG used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity Withdrawal smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus CT scan used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast Localization purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus ICP monitoring monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus Semi- comatose purposeful movements when stimulated Stuporous very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection
(Print)
greatest risk factor for ischemic stroke
must be used within 3 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 4.5 hours with certain criteria
no response or reflexes, may have posturing
uses a catheter placed in the femoral or radial artery to the cerebral circulation. Complications: cerebral embolus, hemorrhage, vasospasm, thrombosis or allergy
used to assess level of consciousness
used to decrease PaCO2 and cause cerebral vasoconstriction
often declines before any other neurological change
evaluates blood vessels in the head and neck with magnetic resonance imaging
evaluates CSF WBC, protein, glucose, pressure, blood, and cultures
pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular constriction
medication used for seizure management
must be done within 6 hours of symptoms onset (ischemic CVA) or 24 hours with certain criteria
easily awakens with voice, touch, or pain
used to reduce intracranial pressure
risk of death and disability are higher than ischemic stroke or SAH, common cause: chronic HTN, acceleration-deceleration injury
pH imbalance that causes cerebrovascular dilation
area around infarcted or dead brain tissue that is still viable but hypoperfused
causes: 6 B’s, Bladder, Bowel, Back passage (rectal), Boils (skin damage), Bones (fx), Babies (pregnancy) in spinal cord injury patients
made of glucose and protein
drowsy, awakens when shook
majority are from clots in the artery that travel from heart
symptoms: neuro changes, photophobia, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting “worst headache of my life”
used to detect and localize abnormal brain activity
smaller movement used to get away from noxious stimulus
used in initial evaluation of brain injuries, fast
purposeful and intentional movement intended to eliminate a noxious stimulus
monitors intracranial pressure, patient must be positioned with transducer aligned with tragus
purposeful movements when stimulated
very difficult to arouse, may need airway protection
