HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.

Fallacies & Biases - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
  1. How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
    Halo Effect
  2. The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
    Anchoring
  3. Misrepresents the original argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  4. Dismisses an argument by accusing the speaker of hypocrisy.
    Tu Quoque
  5. Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
    Curse of Knowledge
  6. Irrationally clinging to ideas that have already cost you something.
    Sunk Cost
  7. You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than evidence suggests it will be.
    Declinism
  8. Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.
    Bandwagon
  9. Presents only two options, ignoring other possibilities.
    False Dichotomy
  10. You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
    Optimism Bias
  11. Saying that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes is the truth.
    Middle Ground
  12. Assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it.
    Composition/ Division
  13. Assumes causation because one event follows another.
    Post Hoc
  14. You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
    Pessimism Bias
  15. Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics.
    Anecdotal
  16. Relies on an authority’s opinion instead of evidence.
    Appeal To Authority
  17. A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise.
    Begging the question
  18. When your core beliefs are challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
    Backfire Effect
  19. Introduces an unrelated topic to distract from the main argument.
    Red Herring
  20. You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
    groupthink
  21. Argues that one step will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes.
    Slippery Slope
  22. You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you’re personally responsible for your successes.
    Self-serving Bias
  23. Favouring things that confirm your existing beliefs.
    Confirmation Bias
  24. Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid argument.
    Appeal to Emotion
  25. If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you’ll rationalize anything that supports it.
    Belief Bias
  26. Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
    Genetic
  27. The more you know, the less confident you’re likely to be.
    Dunning-Kruger Effect
  28. Attacks the person instead of the argument.
    Ad Hominem