BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.

Fallacies & Biases - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you’ll rationalize anything that supports it.
    Belief Bias
  2. Saying that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes is the truth.
    Middle Ground
  3. The more you know, the less confident you’re likely to be.
    Dunning-Kruger Effect
  4. Misrepresents the original argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  5. Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
    Curse of Knowledge
  6. When your core beliefs are challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
    Backfire Effect
  7. Argues that one step will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes.
    Slippery Slope
  8. Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics.
    Anecdotal
  9. Attacks the person instead of the argument.
    Ad Hominem
  10. Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
    Genetic
  11. Presents only two options, ignoring other possibilities.
    False Dichotomy
  12. Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.
    Bandwagon
  13. You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
    groupthink
  14. The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
    Anchoring
  15. How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
    Halo Effect
  16. Introduces an unrelated topic to distract from the main argument.
    Red Herring
  17. Favouring things that confirm your existing beliefs.
    Confirmation Bias
  18. You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
    Pessimism Bias
  19. Relies on an authority’s opinion instead of evidence.
    Appeal To Authority
  20. You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you’re personally responsible for your successes.
    Self-serving Bias
  21. A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise.
    Begging the question
  22. Irrationally clinging to ideas that have already cost you something.
    Sunk Cost
  23. Assumes causation because one event follows another.
    Post Hoc
  24. You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than evidence suggests it will be.
    Declinism
  25. Assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it.
    Composition/ Division
  26. You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
    Optimism Bias
  27. Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid argument.
    Appeal to Emotion
  28. Dismisses an argument by accusing the speaker of hypocrisy.
    Tu Quoque