Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.

Fallacies & Biases - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
    Curse of Knowledge
  2. You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than evidence suggests it will be.
    Declinism
  3. Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid argument.
    Appeal to Emotion
  4. Misrepresents the original argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  5. Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.
    Bandwagon
  6. Dismisses an argument by accusing the speaker of hypocrisy.
    Tu Quoque
  7. The more you know, the less confident you’re likely to be.
    Dunning-Kruger Effect
  8. Assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it.
    Composition/ Division
  9. Relies on an authority’s opinion instead of evidence.
    Appeal To Authority
  10. Attacks the person instead of the argument.
    Ad Hominem
  11. When your core beliefs are challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
    Backfire Effect
  12. Saying that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes is the truth.
    Middle Ground
  13. You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
    groupthink
  14. You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
    Optimism Bias
  15. A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise.
    Begging the question
  16. Favouring things that confirm your existing beliefs.
    Confirmation Bias
  17. How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
    Halo Effect
  18. The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
    Anchoring
  19. Irrationally clinging to ideas that have already cost you something.
    Sunk Cost
  20. Introduces an unrelated topic to distract from the main argument.
    Red Herring
  21. If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you’ll rationalize anything that supports it.
    Belief Bias
  22. You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you’re personally responsible for your successes.
    Self-serving Bias
  23. Assumes causation because one event follows another.
    Post Hoc
  24. Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics.
    Anecdotal
  25. You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
    Pessimism Bias
  26. Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
    Genetic
  27. Argues that one step will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes.
    Slippery Slope
  28. Presents only two options, ignoring other possibilities.
    False Dichotomy