ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.

Fallacies & Biases - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Favouring things that confirm your existing beliefs.
    Confirmation Bias
  2. Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid argument.
    Appeal to Emotion
  3. The more you know, the less confident you’re likely to be.
    Dunning-Kruger Effect
  4. Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
    Genetic
  5. Misrepresents the original argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  6. You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
    Pessimism Bias
  7. Argues that one step will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes.
    Slippery Slope
  8. Dismisses an argument by accusing the speaker of hypocrisy.
    Tu Quoque
  9. A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise.
    Begging the question
  10. Irrationally clinging to ideas that have already cost you something.
    Sunk Cost
  11. Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.
    Bandwagon
  12. Saying that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes is the truth.
    Middle Ground
  13. Assumes causation because one event follows another.
    Post Hoc
  14. You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than evidence suggests it will be.
    Declinism
  15. Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics.
    Anecdotal
  16. Presents only two options, ignoring other possibilities.
    False Dichotomy
  17. Relies on an authority’s opinion instead of evidence.
    Appeal To Authority
  18. How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
    Halo Effect
  19. You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
    groupthink
  20. Introduces an unrelated topic to distract from the main argument.
    Red Herring
  21. Attacks the person instead of the argument.
    Ad Hominem
  22. Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
    Curse of Knowledge
  23. The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
    Anchoring
  24. When your core beliefs are challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
    Backfire Effect
  25. Assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it.
    Composition/ Division
  26. If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you’ll rationalize anything that supports it.
    Belief Bias
  27. You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you’re personally responsible for your successes.
    Self-serving Bias
  28. You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
    Optimism Bias