PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.PessimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof negativeoutcomes.OptimismBiasYouoverestimatethe likelihoodof positiveoutcomes.FalseDichotomyPresents onlytwo options,ignoring otherpossibilities.AppealtoEmotionManipulatingan emotionalresponse inplace of a validargument.StrawManMisrepresentsthe originalargument tomake it easierto attack.HaloEffectHow much you likesomeone, or howattractive they are,influences yourother judgments ofthem.ConfirmationBiasFavouringthings thatconfirmyour existingbeliefs.Curse ofKnowledgeOnce youunderstandsomething youpresume it tobe obvious toeveryone.TuQuoqueDismissesan argumentby accusingthe speakerof hypocrisy.PostHocAssumescausationbecause oneevent followsanother.BandwagonAppealing topopularity or thefact that manypeople dosomething as anattempted form ofvalidation.SunkCostIrrationallyclinging toideas that havealready costyou something.AnchoringThe first thingyou judgeinfluences yourjudgment ofall that follows.BeggingthequestionA circularargument inwhich theconclusion isincluded in thepremise.AppealToAuthorityRelies on anauthority’sopinioninstead ofevidence.BackfireEffectWhen your corebeliefs arechallenged, itcan cause youto believe evenmore strongly.RedHerringIntroduces anunrelated topicto distract fromthe mainargument.BeliefBiasIf a conclusionsupports yourexisting beliefs,you’ll rationalizeanything thatsupports it.AdHominemAttacks thepersoninstead oftheargument.Composition/DivisionAssuming thatwhat’s true aboutone part ofsomething has tobe applied to all,or other, parts of it.Self-servingBiasYou believe yourfailures are dueto external factors,yet you’repersonallyresponsible foryour successes.MiddleGroundSaying that acompromise, ormiddle point,between twoextremes is thetruth.Dunning-KrugerEffectThe more youknow, the lessconfidentyou’re likely tobe.groupthinkYou let thesocial dynamicsof a groupsituationoverride thebest outcomes.GeneticJudging somethinggood or bad on thebasis of where itcomes from, orfrom whom itcomes.AnecdotalUsing personalexperience oran isolated exampleinstead ofa valid argument,especiallyto dismiss statistics.DeclinismYou remember thepast as betterthan it was, andexpect thefuture to be worsethanevidence suggests itwill be.SlipperySlopeArgues thatone step willinevitably leadto extremeoutcomes.

Fallacies & Biases - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
  1. You overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
    Pessimism Bias
  2. You overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes.
    Optimism Bias
  3. Presents only two options, ignoring other possibilities.
    False Dichotomy
  4. Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid argument.
    Appeal to Emotion
  5. Misrepresents the original argument to make it easier to attack.
    Straw Man
  6. How much you like someone, or how attractive they are, influences your other judgments of them.
    Halo Effect
  7. Favouring things that confirm your existing beliefs.
    Confirmation Bias
  8. Once you understand something you presume it to be obvious to everyone.
    Curse of Knowledge
  9. Dismisses an argument by accusing the speaker of hypocrisy.
    Tu Quoque
  10. Assumes causation because one event follows another.
    Post Hoc
  11. Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation.
    Bandwagon
  12. Irrationally clinging to ideas that have already cost you something.
    Sunk Cost
  13. The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.
    Anchoring
  14. A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise.
    Begging the question
  15. Relies on an authority’s opinion instead of evidence.
    Appeal To Authority
  16. When your core beliefs are challenged, it can cause you to believe even more strongly.
    Backfire Effect
  17. Introduces an unrelated topic to distract from the main argument.
    Red Herring
  18. If a conclusion supports your existing beliefs, you’ll rationalize anything that supports it.
    Belief Bias
  19. Attacks the person instead of the argument.
    Ad Hominem
  20. Assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it.
    Composition/ Division
  21. You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you’re personally responsible for your successes.
    Self-serving Bias
  22. Saying that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes is the truth.
    Middle Ground
  23. The more you know, the less confident you’re likely to be.
    Dunning-Kruger Effect
  24. You let the social dynamics of a group situation override the best outcomes.
    groupthink
  25. Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes.
    Genetic
  26. Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics.
    Anecdotal
  27. You remember the past as better than it was, and expect the future to be worse than evidence suggests it will be.
    Declinism
  28. Argues that one step will inevitably lead to extreme outcomes.
    Slippery Slope