Definition: A structurethat explains reasonswhy somethinghappened (cause)and the results of thatoccurrence (effect).Purpose: To provideinsights into the subjectsbeing compared, helpingreaders make informedchoices or understandconcepts more deeply. Thisstructure is commonly usedin analytical essays andreviews.ProblemandSolutionDefinition: Astructure thatoutlines steps ina process or theorder of actionsto achieve a goal.Purpose: To engagereaders emotionallywhile conveyinginformation throughstorytelling. Thisstructure is commonlyused in personalessays, memoirs, andcreative non-fictionDefinition: Apattern thatoutlines thebenefits anddrawbacks of aparticular topic ordecision.Purpose: To guidereaders through aseries of steps, makinginstructions clear andeasy to follow. Thisstructure is commonlyfound in how-to guides,recipes, and manuals.Definition: Astructure that aimsto inform, explain,or clarify a topicwithout personalopinions orarguments.Purpose: To presentfactual informationclearly and logically,helping readers gain abetter understanding of asubject. This structure iswidely used in textbooks,reports, and instructionalmaterials.ChronologicalOrderClassificationDescriptivePurpose: To help readersunderstand complextopics by breaking themdown into manageableparts. This structure isoften used in academicwriting, research papers,and informative articles.Purpose: To raiseawareness about anissue and encouragecritical thinking aboutpossible resolutions.This structure iseffective in persuasivewriting, reports, andproposals.Definition: Astructure thathighlightssimilarities anddifferencesbetween two ormore subjects.Definition: Astructure that tellsa story, oftenincludingcharacters, a plot,and a setting.Definition: Astructure thatpresents events inthe order theyoccur, from thebeginning to theend.SequentialOrderExpositoryNarrativePurpose: To showrelationships betweenevents or phenomena,helping readers understandhow one action leads toanother. This structure iseffective in scientificwriting, essays, anddiscussions of socialissues.Purpose: Authors choosethis structure to presenta fair and comprehensiveanalysis, allowingreaders to makeinformed choices basedon a thoroughunderstanding of thetopic.Advantage/Disadvantage(Pros/Cons)Definition: Astructure that usessensory details tocreate a vividpicture of asubject, event, orexperience.Purpose: To engagereaders' senses andemotions, making thewriting more relatableand immersive. Thisstructure is often usedin creative writing,travel writing, andproduct descriptions.Definition: Astructure thatpresents a problem,discusses itssignificance, andproposes one ormore solutions.CompareandContrastCauseandEffectPurpose: To helpreaders understand thesequence of eventsand how they relate toone another over time.This structure is oftenused in narratives,biographies, andhistorical accounts.Definition: Astructure thatorganizes subjectsinto categoriesbased on sharedcharacteristics.Definition: A structurethat explains reasonswhy somethinghappened (cause)and the results of thatoccurrence (effect).Purpose: To provideinsights into the subjectsbeing compared, helpingreaders make informedchoices or understandconcepts more deeply. Thisstructure is commonly usedin analytical essays andreviews.ProblemandSolutionDefinition: Astructure thatoutlines steps ina process or theorder of actionsto achieve a goal.Purpose: To engagereaders emotionallywhile conveyinginformation throughstorytelling. Thisstructure is commonlyused in personalessays, memoirs, andcreative non-fictionDefinition: Apattern thatoutlines thebenefits anddrawbacks of aparticular topic ordecision.Purpose: To guidereaders through aseries of steps, makinginstructions clear andeasy to follow. Thisstructure is commonlyfound in how-to guides,recipes, and manuals.Definition: Astructure that aimsto inform, explain,or clarify a topicwithout personalopinions orarguments.Purpose: To presentfactual informationclearly and logically,helping readers gain abetter understanding of asubject. This structure iswidely used in textbooks,reports, and instructionalmaterials.ChronologicalOrderClassificationDescriptivePurpose: To help readersunderstand complextopics by breaking themdown into manageableparts. This structure isoften used in academicwriting, research papers,and informative articles.Purpose: To raiseawareness about anissue and encouragecritical thinking aboutpossible resolutions.This structure iseffective in persuasivewriting, reports, andproposals.Definition: Astructure thathighlightssimilarities anddifferencesbetween two ormore subjects.Definition: Astructure that tellsa story, oftenincludingcharacters, a plot,and a setting.Definition: Astructure thatpresents events inthe order theyoccur, from thebeginning to theend.SequentialOrderExpositoryNarrativePurpose: To showrelationships betweenevents or phenomena,helping readers understandhow one action leads toanother. This structure iseffective in scientificwriting, essays, anddiscussions of socialissues.Purpose: Authors choosethis structure to presenta fair and comprehensiveanalysis, allowingreaders to makeinformed choices basedon a thoroughunderstanding of thetopic.Advantage/Disadvantage(Pros/Cons)Definition: Astructure that usessensory details tocreate a vividpicture of asubject, event, orexperience.Purpose: To engagereaders' senses andemotions, making thewriting more relatableand immersive. Thisstructure is often usedin creative writing,travel writing, andproduct descriptions.Definition: Astructure thatpresents a problem,discusses itssignificance, andproposes one ormore solutions.CompareandContrastCauseandEffectPurpose: To helpreaders understand thesequence of eventsand how they relate toone another over time.This structure is oftenused in narratives,biographies, andhistorical accounts.Definition: Astructure thatorganizes subjectsinto categoriesbased on sharedcharacteristics.

Text Structure - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Definition: A structure that explains reasons why something happened (cause) and the results of that occurrence (effect).
  2. Purpose: To provide insights into the subjects being compared, helping readers make informed choices or understand concepts more deeply. This structure is commonly used in analytical essays and reviews.
  3. Problem and Solution
  4. Definition: A structure that outlines steps in a process or the order of actions to achieve a goal.
  5. Purpose: To engage readers emotionally while conveying information through storytelling. This structure is commonly used in personal essays, memoirs, and creative non-fiction
  6. Definition: A pattern that outlines the benefits and drawbacks of a particular topic or decision.
  7. Purpose: To guide readers through a series of steps, making instructions clear and easy to follow. This structure is commonly found in how-to guides, recipes, and manuals.
  8. Definition: A structure that aims to inform, explain, or clarify a topic without personal opinions or arguments.
  9. Purpose: To present factual information clearly and logically, helping readers gain a better understanding of a subject. This structure is widely used in textbooks, reports, and instructional materials.
  10. Chronological Order
  11. Classification
  12. Descriptive
  13. Purpose: To help readers understand complex topics by breaking them down into manageable parts. This structure is often used in academic writing, research papers, and informative articles.
  14. Purpose: To raise awareness about an issue and encourage critical thinking about possible resolutions. This structure is effective in persuasive writing, reports, and proposals.
  15. Definition: A structure that highlights similarities and differences between two or more subjects.
  16. Definition: A structure that tells a story, often including characters, a plot, and a setting.
  17. Definition: A structure that presents events in the order they occur, from the beginning to the end.
  18. Sequential Order
  19. Expository
  20. Narrative
  21. Purpose: To show relationships between events or phenomena, helping readers understand how one action leads to another. This structure is effective in scientific writing, essays, and discussions of social issues.
  22. Purpose: Authors choose this structure to present a fair and comprehensive analysis, allowing readers to make informed choices based on a thorough understanding of the topic.
  23. Advantage/Disadvantage (Pros/Cons)
  24. Definition: A structure that uses sensory details to create a vivid picture of a subject, event, or experience.
  25. Purpose: To engage readers' senses and emotions, making the writing more relatable and immersive. This structure is often used in creative writing, travel writing, and product descriptions.
  26. Definition: A structure that presents a problem, discusses its significance, and proposes one or more solutions.
  27. Compare and Contrast
  28. Cause and Effect
  29. Purpose: To help readers understand the sequence of events and how they relate to one another over time. This structure is often used in narratives, biographies, and historical accounts.
  30. Definition: A structure that organizes subjects into categories based on shared characteristics.