Purpose: To showrelationships betweenevents or phenomena,helping readers understandhow one action leads toanother. This structure iseffective in scientificwriting, essays, anddiscussions of socialissues.Definition: Astructure thathighlightssimilarities anddifferencesbetween two ormore subjects.Purpose: To provideinsights into the subjectsbeing compared, helpingreaders make informedchoices or understandconcepts more deeply. Thisstructure is commonly usedin analytical essays andreviews.Definition: Astructure thatoutlines steps ina process or theorder of actionsto achieve a goal.Advantage/Disadvantage(Pros/Cons)DescriptiveProblemandSolutionDefinition: Astructure thatpresents a problem,discusses itssignificance, andproposes one ormore solutions.Definition: Astructure thatpresents events inthe order theyoccur, from thebeginning to theend.Purpose: To engagereaders' senses andemotions, making thewriting more relatableand immersive. Thisstructure is often usedin creative writing,travel writing, andproduct descriptions.CauseandEffectCompareandContrastNarrativeClassificationPurpose: To helpreaders understand thesequence of eventsand how they relate toone another over time.This structure is oftenused in narratives,biographies, andhistorical accounts.Purpose: To engagereaders emotionallywhile conveyinginformation throughstorytelling. Thisstructure is commonlyused in personalessays, memoirs, andcreative non-fictionPurpose: To guidereaders through aseries of steps, makinginstructions clear andeasy to follow. Thisstructure is commonlyfound in how-to guides,recipes, and manuals.Definition: Astructure that tellsa story, oftenincludingcharacters, a plot,and a setting.Definition: Apattern thatoutlines thebenefits anddrawbacks of aparticular topic ordecision.Definition: A structurethat explains reasonswhy somethinghappened (cause)and the results of thatoccurrence (effect).ExpositoryPurpose: To help readersunderstand complextopics by breaking themdown into manageableparts. This structure isoften used in academicwriting, research papers,and informative articles.Definition: Astructure that aimsto inform, explain,or clarify a topicwithout personalopinions orarguments.Purpose: To presentfactual informationclearly and logically,helping readers gain abetter understanding of asubject. This structure iswidely used in textbooks,reports, and instructionalmaterials.Purpose: To raiseawareness about anissue and encouragecritical thinking aboutpossible resolutions.This structure iseffective in persuasivewriting, reports, andproposals.Definition: Astructure that usessensory details tocreate a vividpicture of asubject, event, orexperience.SequentialOrderDefinition: Astructure thatorganizes subjectsinto categoriesbased on sharedcharacteristics.ChronologicalOrderPurpose: Authors choosethis structure to presenta fair and comprehensiveanalysis, allowingreaders to makeinformed choices basedon a thoroughunderstanding of thetopic.Purpose: To showrelationships betweenevents or phenomena,helping readers understandhow one action leads toanother. This structure iseffective in scientificwriting, essays, anddiscussions of socialissues.Definition: Astructure thathighlightssimilarities anddifferencesbetween two ormore subjects.Purpose: To provideinsights into the subjectsbeing compared, helpingreaders make informedchoices or understandconcepts more deeply. Thisstructure is commonly usedin analytical essays andreviews.Definition: Astructure thatoutlines steps ina process or theorder of actionsto achieve a goal.Advantage/Disadvantage(Pros/Cons)DescriptiveProblemandSolutionDefinition: Astructure thatpresents a problem,discusses itssignificance, andproposes one ormore solutions.Definition: Astructure thatpresents events inthe order theyoccur, from thebeginning to theend.Purpose: To engagereaders' senses andemotions, making thewriting more relatableand immersive. Thisstructure is often usedin creative writing,travel writing, andproduct descriptions.CauseandEffectCompareandContrastNarrativeClassificationPurpose: To helpreaders understand thesequence of eventsand how they relate toone another over time.This structure is oftenused in narratives,biographies, andhistorical accounts.Purpose: To engagereaders emotionallywhile conveyinginformation throughstorytelling. Thisstructure is commonlyused in personalessays, memoirs, andcreative non-fictionPurpose: To guidereaders through aseries of steps, makinginstructions clear andeasy to follow. Thisstructure is commonlyfound in how-to guides,recipes, and manuals.Definition: Astructure that tellsa story, oftenincludingcharacters, a plot,and a setting.Definition: Apattern thatoutlines thebenefits anddrawbacks of aparticular topic ordecision.Definition: A structurethat explains reasonswhy somethinghappened (cause)and the results of thatoccurrence (effect).ExpositoryPurpose: To help readersunderstand complextopics by breaking themdown into manageableparts. This structure isoften used in academicwriting, research papers,and informative articles.Definition: Astructure that aimsto inform, explain,or clarify a topicwithout personalopinions orarguments.Purpose: To presentfactual informationclearly and logically,helping readers gain abetter understanding of asubject. This structure iswidely used in textbooks,reports, and instructionalmaterials.Purpose: To raiseawareness about anissue and encouragecritical thinking aboutpossible resolutions.This structure iseffective in persuasivewriting, reports, andproposals.Definition: Astructure that usessensory details tocreate a vividpicture of asubject, event, orexperience.SequentialOrderDefinition: Astructure thatorganizes subjectsinto categoriesbased on sharedcharacteristics.ChronologicalOrderPurpose: Authors choosethis structure to presenta fair and comprehensiveanalysis, allowingreaders to makeinformed choices basedon a thoroughunderstanding of thetopic.

Text Structure - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Purpose: To show relationships between events or phenomena, helping readers understand how one action leads to another. This structure is effective in scientific writing, essays, and discussions of social issues.
  2. Definition: A structure that highlights similarities and differences between two or more subjects.
  3. Purpose: To provide insights into the subjects being compared, helping readers make informed choices or understand concepts more deeply. This structure is commonly used in analytical essays and reviews.
  4. Definition: A structure that outlines steps in a process or the order of actions to achieve a goal.
  5. Advantage/Disadvantage (Pros/Cons)
  6. Descriptive
  7. Problem and Solution
  8. Definition: A structure that presents a problem, discusses its significance, and proposes one or more solutions.
  9. Definition: A structure that presents events in the order they occur, from the beginning to the end.
  10. Purpose: To engage readers' senses and emotions, making the writing more relatable and immersive. This structure is often used in creative writing, travel writing, and product descriptions.
  11. Cause and Effect
  12. Compare and Contrast
  13. Narrative
  14. Classification
  15. Purpose: To help readers understand the sequence of events and how they relate to one another over time. This structure is often used in narratives, biographies, and historical accounts.
  16. Purpose: To engage readers emotionally while conveying information through storytelling. This structure is commonly used in personal essays, memoirs, and creative non-fiction
  17. Purpose: To guide readers through a series of steps, making instructions clear and easy to follow. This structure is commonly found in how-to guides, recipes, and manuals.
  18. Definition: A structure that tells a story, often including characters, a plot, and a setting.
  19. Definition: A pattern that outlines the benefits and drawbacks of a particular topic or decision.
  20. Definition: A structure that explains reasons why something happened (cause) and the results of that occurrence (effect).
  21. Expository
  22. Purpose: To help readers understand complex topics by breaking them down into manageable parts. This structure is often used in academic writing, research papers, and informative articles.
  23. Definition: A structure that aims to inform, explain, or clarify a topic without personal opinions or arguments.
  24. Purpose: To present factual information clearly and logically, helping readers gain a better understanding of a subject. This structure is widely used in textbooks, reports, and instructional materials.
  25. Purpose: To raise awareness about an issue and encourage critical thinking about possible resolutions. This structure is effective in persuasive writing, reports, and proposals.
  26. Definition: A structure that uses sensory details to create a vivid picture of a subject, event, or experience.
  27. Sequential Order
  28. Definition: A structure that organizes subjects into categories based on shared characteristics.
  29. Chronological Order
  30. Purpose: Authors choose this structure to present a fair and comprehensive analysis, allowing readers to make informed choices based on a thorough understanding of the topic.