Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals.
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Total charge stays constant in an isolated system.
Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false).
Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops.
Components connected end-to-end with the same current through each.
Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness.
A map showing what each pin on a chip does.
A tiny chip with multiple components built in.
The twisting force that causes rotation.
Lets current flow in only one direction.
Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F.
Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage.
Motor running on direct current with steady rotation.
A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols.
A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit.
Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current).
A diode that lights up when current passes through.
A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time
AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor.
Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads.
Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power.
Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse.
A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together.
Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1
Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving.
Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals.
