LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals. LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals.
(Print)
A diode that lights up when current passes through.
A map showing what each pin on a chip does.
The twisting force that causes rotation.
Components connected end-to-end with the same current through each.
Total charge stays constant in an isolated system.
A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together.
AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor.
A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit.
Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1
Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power.
Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage.
Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false).
Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops.
Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current).
A tiny chip with multiple components built in.
Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness.
A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time
Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads.
Motor running on direct current with steady rotation.
Lets current flow in only one direction.
Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse.
A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols.
Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F.
Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving.
Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals.
