Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor.
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A map showing what each pin on a chip does.
Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage.
Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false).
Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops.
Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals.
The twisting force that causes rotation.
Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads.
Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current).
Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving.
A diode that lights up when current passes through.
Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness.
Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse.
Lets current flow in only one direction.
Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1
Motor running on direct current with steady rotation.
A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together.
A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols.
Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F.
A tiny chip with multiple components built in.
Total charge stays constant in an isolated system.
Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power.
Components connected end-to-end with the same current through each.
A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit.
A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time
AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor.
