Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads. Parallel Circuit Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage. Hexadecimal Numbers Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F. Series Circuit Components connected end- to-end with the same current through each. Transistor Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals. Binary Numbers Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1 Pinout A map showing what each pin on a chip does. Oscilloscope A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time Diode Lets current flow in only one direction. Series- Parallel Circuit A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness. DC Motor Motor running on direct current with steady rotation. Integrated Circuit (IC) A tiny chip with multiple components built in. Torque The twisting force that causes rotation. Law of Conservation of Charge Total charge stays constant in an isolated system. Logic Gate Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false). Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops. Rectifier Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current). Kirchhoff’s Current Law Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving. Schematic Diagram A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols. Power Formula Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power. Oscillator Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse. Block Diagram A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together. Induction Motor AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor. LED (Light Emitting Diode) A diode that lights up when current passes through. AC Motor Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads.
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Components connected on multiple paths sharing the same voltage.
Base-16 numbers using 0–9 and A–F.
Components connected end-to-end with the same current through each.
Acts as a switch or amplifier for electrical signals.
Base-2 numbers using only 0 and 1
A map showing what each pin on a chip does.
A screen tool that graphs voltage changes over time
Lets current flow in only one direction.
A combo of series and parallel sections in one circuit.
Rapid on/off switching to control power or brightness.
Motor running on direct current with steady rotation.
A tiny chip with multiple components built in.
The twisting force that causes rotation.
Total charge stays constant in an isolated system.
Electronic “decision maker” performing Boolean logic (true/false).
Total voltage around a loop equals the sum of voltage drops.
Converts AC (alternating current) into DC (direct current).
Total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving.
A map of how circuit parts connect using symbols.
Power = (Torque × RPM)/5252, relating speed, torque, and power.
Circuit generating a steady signal or clock pulse.
A simplified flowchart showing system parts and how they work together.
AC motor using magnetic fields to spin its rotor.
A diode that lights up when current passes through.
Motor running on alternating current, often more efficient for large loads.
