HyperboleAnextravagantexaggerationof fact Sarcasm Red HerringWhen aspeaker skipsto a new andirrelevant topic MetaphorFigurativelanguagecomparing twounlike things PersonalAnecdoteA short,personalstory Appealto Fear ParallelismRepetition ofsentence structureor phrases tocreate aharmonious effect Straw ManA purposeful choiceto oversimplify theother side’sargument to make iteasier torefute/ridicule RhetoricalQuestionTo ask aquestion ofan audience Either/Or FallacyPresenting twoextreme optionsas the onlypossible choices FlatteryExcessivelypraising theaudience Appeal toEthosEstablishingcredibility ofthe speakerLogicalReasoningShowing whatcan be expectedbecause of whathas gone before ContrastTo compareas to pointout strikingdifferences Name-CallingUsing harshnames to attackthose whooppose thespeakerFaulty AnalogyAn focus onirrelevantsimilaritiesbetween twothings CircularReasoningRepeating theclaim as a wayto provideevidence Appeal toPatriotismAd HominemSwitching theargument tofocus on thecharacter of theother speaker EmotionalWordsUse of wordslikely to engagestrong emotionsin the audience NostalgiaDesire to returnin thought orfact to a formertime Appeal to LogosAppealing to theaudience’sreason; usingstatistics or data HastyGeneralizationMaking aconclusionwithout enoughevidence EquivocationIntentionallymisleading theaudience by usinga word with adouble meaning HyperboleAnextravagantexaggerationof fact Sarcasm Red HerringWhen aspeaker skipsto a new andirrelevant topic MetaphorFigurativelanguagecomparing twounlike things PersonalAnecdoteA short,personalstory Appealto Fear ParallelismRepetition ofsentence structureor phrases tocreate aharmonious effect Straw ManA purposeful choiceto oversimplify theother side’sargument to make iteasier torefute/ridicule RhetoricalQuestionTo ask aquestion ofan audience Either/Or FallacyPresenting twoextreme optionsas the onlypossible choices FlatteryExcessivelypraising theaudience Appeal toEthosEstablishingcredibility ofthe speakerLogicalReasoningShowing whatcan be expectedbecause of whathas gone before ContrastTo compareas to pointout strikingdifferences Name-CallingUsing harshnames to attackthose whooppose thespeakerFaulty AnalogyAn focus onirrelevantsimilaritiesbetween twothings CircularReasoningRepeating theclaim as a wayto provideevidence Appeal toPatriotismAd HominemSwitching theargument tofocus on thecharacter of theother speaker EmotionalWordsUse of wordslikely to engagestrong emotionsin the audience NostalgiaDesire to returnin thought orfact to a formertime Appeal to LogosAppealing to theaudience’sreason; usingstatistics or data HastyGeneralizationMaking aconclusionwithout enoughevidence EquivocationIntentionallymisleading theaudience by usinga word with adouble meaning 

Rhetorical Choices and Logical Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Hyperbole An extravagant exaggeration of fact
  2. Sarcasm
  3. Red Herring When a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic
  4. Metaphor Figurative language comparing two unlike things
  5. Personal Anecdote A short, personal story
  6. Appeal to Fear
  7. Parallelism Repetition of sentence structure or phrases to create a harmonious effect
  8. Straw Man A purposeful choice to oversimplify the other side’s argument to make it easier to refute/ridicule
  9. Rhetorical Question To ask a question of an audience
  10. Either/Or Fallacy Presenting two extreme options as the only possible choices
  11. Flattery Excessively praising the audience
  12. Appeal to Ethos Establishing credibility of the speaker
  13. Logical Reasoning Showing what can be expected because of what has gone before
  14. Contrast To compare as to point out striking differences
  15. Name-Calling Using harsh names to attack those who oppose the speaker
  16. Faulty Analogy An focus on irrelevant similarities between two things
  17. Circular Reasoning Repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence
  18. Appeal to Patriotism
  19. Ad Hominem Switching the argument to focus on the character of the other speaker
  20. Emotional Words Use of words likely to engage strong emotions in the audience
  21. Nostalgia Desire to return in thought or fact to a former time
  22. Appeal to Logos Appealing to the audience’s reason; using statistics or data
  23. Hasty Generalization Making a conclusion without enough evidence
  24. Equivocation Intentionally misleading the audience by using a word with a double meaning