CircularReasoningRepeating theclaim as a wayto provideevidence RhetoricalQuestionTo ask aquestion ofan audience Red HerringWhen aspeaker skipsto a new andirrelevant topic NostalgiaDesire to returnin thought orfact to a formertime Appeal toEthosEstablishingcredibility ofthe speakerMetaphorFigurativelanguagecomparing twounlike things Faulty AnalogyAn focus onirrelevantsimilaritiesbetween twothings PersonalAnecdoteA short,personalstory ContrastTo compareas to pointout strikingdifferences EmotionalWordsUse of wordslikely to engagestrong emotionsin the audience ParallelismRepetition ofsentence structureor phrases tocreate aharmonious effect Either/Or FallacyPresenting twoextreme optionsas the onlypossible choices Appealto Fear Appeal to LogosAppealing to theaudience’sreason; usingstatistics or data EquivocationIntentionallymisleading theaudience by usinga word with adouble meaning Straw ManA purposeful choiceto oversimplify theother side’sargument to make iteasier torefute/ridicule Sarcasm FlatteryExcessivelypraising theaudience LogicalReasoningShowing whatcan be expectedbecause of whathas gone before HastyGeneralizationMaking aconclusionwithout enoughevidence HyperboleAnextravagantexaggerationof fact Name-CallingUsing harshnames to attackthose whooppose thespeakerAppeal toPatriotismAd HominemSwitching theargument tofocus on thecharacter of theother speaker CircularReasoningRepeating theclaim as a wayto provideevidence RhetoricalQuestionTo ask aquestion ofan audience Red HerringWhen aspeaker skipsto a new andirrelevant topic NostalgiaDesire to returnin thought orfact to a formertime Appeal toEthosEstablishingcredibility ofthe speakerMetaphorFigurativelanguagecomparing twounlike things Faulty AnalogyAn focus onirrelevantsimilaritiesbetween twothings PersonalAnecdoteA short,personalstory ContrastTo compareas to pointout strikingdifferences EmotionalWordsUse of wordslikely to engagestrong emotionsin the audience ParallelismRepetition ofsentence structureor phrases tocreate aharmonious effect Either/Or FallacyPresenting twoextreme optionsas the onlypossible choices Appealto Fear Appeal to LogosAppealing to theaudience’sreason; usingstatistics or data EquivocationIntentionallymisleading theaudience by usinga word with adouble meaning Straw ManA purposeful choiceto oversimplify theother side’sargument to make iteasier torefute/ridicule Sarcasm FlatteryExcessivelypraising theaudience LogicalReasoningShowing whatcan be expectedbecause of whathas gone before HastyGeneralizationMaking aconclusionwithout enoughevidence HyperboleAnextravagantexaggerationof fact Name-CallingUsing harshnames to attackthose whooppose thespeakerAppeal toPatriotismAd HominemSwitching theargument tofocus on thecharacter of theother speaker 

Rhetorical Choices and Logical Fallacies - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Circular Reasoning Repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence
  2. Rhetorical Question To ask a question of an audience
  3. Red Herring When a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic
  4. Nostalgia Desire to return in thought or fact to a former time
  5. Appeal to Ethos Establishing credibility of the speaker
  6. Metaphor Figurative language comparing two unlike things
  7. Faulty Analogy An focus on irrelevant similarities between two things
  8. Personal Anecdote A short, personal story
  9. Contrast To compare as to point out striking differences
  10. Emotional Words Use of words likely to engage strong emotions in the audience
  11. Parallelism Repetition of sentence structure or phrases to create a harmonious effect
  12. Either/Or Fallacy Presenting two extreme options as the only possible choices
  13. Appeal to Fear
  14. Appeal to Logos Appealing to the audience’s reason; using statistics or data
  15. Equivocation Intentionally misleading the audience by using a word with a double meaning
  16. Straw Man A purposeful choice to oversimplify the other side’s argument to make it easier to refute/ridicule
  17. Sarcasm
  18. Flattery Excessively praising the audience
  19. Logical Reasoning Showing what can be expected because of what has gone before
  20. Hasty Generalization Making a conclusion without enough evidence
  21. Hyperbole An extravagant exaggeration of fact
  22. Name-Calling Using harsh names to attack those who oppose the speaker
  23. Appeal to Patriotism
  24. Ad Hominem Switching the argument to focus on the character of the other speaker