understeer/oversteerhandlingconditions wherethe vehicle turnsless (understeer)or more(oversteer) thanintendedcontrolarm(upper/lower)a suspensionlink that locatesthe wheel andallows verticalmotioncontrolarmbushinga rubber orelastomericmount thatcushions andlocates thecontrol armthrustangleadjustmentaligning therear axlethrust line withthe vehicle’scenterlineanti-rollbar (swaybar)/ swaybar linkconnects bothsides of thesuspension toreduce bodyrollstrutmount/bearingthe top mountingpoint of a strutassembly, oftencontaining abearing forsteeringmovementpowersteeringpump /control valvehydraulic orelectriccomponentsthat reducesteering effortrackpiston /sectorshaftinternal parts ofa steering gearthat can causeplay orlooseness ifwornshockabsorber(damper)a componentthat controlsspringoscillations andmotiondampingwheeloffsetthe distancefrom the wheel’smountingsurface to itscenterline;affects fitmentstrutassemblycombines ashock absorberwith a structuralcomponentsupporting thechassiscasterthe tilt of thesteering axiswhen viewedfrom the side(forward orrearward tilt)negativecamber/positivecambertop of the tiretilts inward(negative) oroutward(positive)power-steeringbelt/pulleydrives thepowersteering pumpin manyvehiclessteering gear(rack andpinion /recirculatingball)convertssteeringwheel inputinto wheelmotionsteeringcolumnthe shaft andhousingconnecting thesteering wheelto the steeringgearrideheightthe verticaldistance betweenthe vehicle’schassis and theground (or frameand axle)toe-in/toe-outthe angle the tiresare pointed toward(toe-in) or awayfrom (toe-out)each other whenviewed from abovelostmotionexcessive freeplay in steeringbefore wheelmovementoccursloadleveling/heightsensingsystems thatadjustsuspensionheight undervarying loadscastertrail/steeringtrailthe distancebetween the tire’scontact patch andthe steering axisintersection pointtie rodendconnects thesteering linkageto the steeringknuckle,transferringsteering motioncamberthe tilt of the wheelor tire inward oroutward whenviewed from thefront of the vehicleballjointa pivot pointallowing multi-directionalmovement,connecting controlarms and steeringknucklescamberchangeduringrebound/compressionvariation incamber angleas thesuspensionmoves up ordownbindingwhen asteering orsuspensionpart does notmove freelyidler arm/pitmanarmsteering linkagecomponentsthat support ortransfersteering motionsteeringratiothe amount ofroad wheelturn comparedto steeringwheel inputtorsionbara springingmember thatresists twistand sets rideheight andspring ratewheeland tireserviceincludesbalancing,mounting,inflation,rotation, andinspectionthrustanglethe direction therear wheelspush the vehiclerelative to thecenterline of thevehiclewheelalignmentadjustingcamber, caster,toe, and thrustangle to meetvehiclespecificationsridequality/ridecomfortthe feel of thevehicle throughsuspensionmovement anddampingjounce/reboundbumperlimitssuspensiontravel at theextreme endsof movementthrustlinethe direction inwhich the rearaxle pushesrelative to thevehicle’scenterlinespringratethe stiffnessof a spring;resistance tocompressionshort-arm/long-arm (SLA)suspensiona frontsuspensiondesign usingunequal lengthcontrol armsairsuspensionuses airsprings insteadof conventionalcoil or leafspringswheelimbalanceuneven weightdistribution in awheel/tireassemblycausingvibrationundersteer/oversteerhandlingconditions wherethe vehicle turnsless (understeer)or more(oversteer) thanintendedcontrolarm(upper/lower)a suspensionlink that locatesthe wheel andallows verticalmotioncontrolarmbushinga rubber orelastomericmount thatcushions andlocates thecontrol armthrustangleadjustmentaligning therear axlethrust line withthe vehicle’scenterlineanti-rollbar (swaybar)/ swaybar linkconnects bothsides of thesuspension toreduce bodyrollstrutmount/bearingthe top mountingpoint of a strutassembly, oftencontaining abearing forsteeringmovementpowersteeringpump /control valvehydraulic orelectriccomponentsthat reducesteering effortrackpiston /sectorshaftinternal parts ofa steering gearthat can causeplay orlooseness ifwornshockabsorber(damper)a componentthat controlsspringoscillations andmotiondampingwheeloffsetthe distancefrom the wheel’smountingsurface to itscenterline;affects fitmentstrutassemblycombines ashock absorberwith a structuralcomponentsupporting thechassiscasterthe tilt of thesteering axiswhen viewedfrom the side(forward orrearward tilt)negativecamber/positivecambertop of the tiretilts inward(negative) oroutward(positive)power-steeringbelt/pulleydrives thepowersteering pumpin manyvehiclessteering gear(rack andpinion /recirculatingball)convertssteeringwheel inputinto wheelmotionsteeringcolumnthe shaft andhousingconnecting thesteering wheelto the steeringgearrideheightthe verticaldistance betweenthe vehicle’schassis and theground (or frameand axle)toe-in/toe-outthe angle the tiresare pointed toward(toe-in) or awayfrom (toe-out)each other whenviewed from abovelostmotionexcessive freeplay in steeringbefore wheelmovementoccursloadleveling/heightsensingsystems thatadjustsuspensionheight undervarying loadscastertrail/steeringtrailthe distancebetween the tire’scontact patch andthe steering axisintersection pointtie rodendconnects thesteering linkageto the steeringknuckle,transferringsteering motioncamberthe tilt of the wheelor tire inward oroutward whenviewed from thefront of the vehicleballjointa pivot pointallowing multi-directionalmovement,connecting controlarms and steeringknucklescamberchangeduringrebound/compressionvariation incamber angleas thesuspensionmoves up ordownbindingwhen asteering orsuspensionpart does notmove freelyidler arm/pitmanarmsteering linkagecomponentsthat support ortransfersteering motionsteeringratiothe amount ofroad wheelturn comparedto steeringwheel inputtorsionbara springingmember thatresists twistand sets rideheight andspring ratewheeland tireserviceincludesbalancing,mounting,inflation,rotation, andinspectionthrustanglethe direction therear wheelspush the vehiclerelative to thecenterline of thevehiclewheelalignmentadjustingcamber, caster,toe, and thrustangle to meetvehiclespecificationsridequality/ridecomfortthe feel of thevehicle throughsuspensionmovement anddampingjounce/reboundbumperlimitssuspensiontravel at theextreme endsof movementthrustlinethe direction inwhich the rearaxle pushesrelative to thevehicle’scenterlinespringratethe stiffnessof a spring;resistance tocompressionshort-arm/long-arm (SLA)suspensiona frontsuspensiondesign usingunequal lengthcontrol armsairsuspensionuses airsprings insteadof conventionalcoil or leafspringswheelimbalanceuneven weightdistribution in awheel/tireassemblycausingvibration

CATS ASE Steering & Suspension Vocab - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. handling conditions where the vehicle turns less (understeer) or more (oversteer) than intended
    understeer/ oversteer
  2. a suspension link that locates the wheel and allows vertical motion
    control arm (upper/ lower)
  3. a rubber or elastomeric mount that cushions and locates the control arm
    control arm bushing
  4. aligning the rear axle thrust line with the vehicle’s centerline
    thrust angle adjustment
  5. connects both sides of the suspension to reduce body roll
    anti-roll bar (sway bar)/ sway bar link
  6. the top mounting point of a strut assembly, often containing a bearing for steering movement
    strut mount/ bearing
  7. hydraulic or electric components that reduce steering effort
    power steering pump / control valve
  8. internal parts of a steering gear that can cause play or looseness if worn
    rack piston / sector shaft
  9. a component that controls spring oscillations and motion damping
    shock absorber (damper)
  10. the distance from the wheel’s mounting surface to its centerline; affects fitment
    wheel offset
  11. combines a shock absorber with a structural component supporting the chassis
    strut assembly
  12. the tilt of the steering axis when viewed from the side (forward or rearward tilt)
    caster
  13. top of the tire tilts inward (negative) or outward (positive)
    negative camber/ positive camber
  14. drives the power steering pump in many vehicles
    power-steering belt/ pulley
  15. converts steering wheel input into wheel motion
    steering gear (rack and pinion / recirculating ball)
  16. the shaft and housing connecting the steering wheel to the steering gear
    steering column
  17. the vertical distance between the vehicle’s chassis and the ground (or frame and axle)
    ride height
  18. the angle the tires are pointed toward (toe-in) or away from (toe-out) each other when viewed from above
    toe-in/toe-out
  19. excessive free play in steering before wheel movement occurs
    lost motion
  20. systems that adjust suspension height under varying loads
    load leveling/ height sensing
  21. the distance between the tire’s contact patch and the steering axis intersection point
    caster trail/ steering trail
  22. connects the steering linkage to the steering knuckle, transferring steering motion
    tie rod end
  23. the tilt of the wheel or tire inward or outward when viewed from the front of the vehicle
    camber
  24. a pivot point allowing multi-directional movement, connecting control arms and steering knuckles
    ball joint
  25. variation in camber angle as the suspension moves up or down
    camber change during rebound/ compression
  26. when a steering or suspension part does not move freely
    binding
  27. steering linkage components that support or transfer steering motion
    idler arm/ pitman arm
  28. the amount of road wheel turn compared to steering wheel input
    steering ratio
  29. a springing member that resists twist and sets ride height and spring rate
    torsion bar
  30. includes balancing, mounting, inflation, rotation, and inspection
    wheel and tire service
  31. the direction the rear wheels push the vehicle relative to the centerline of the vehicle
    thrust angle
  32. adjusting camber, caster, toe, and thrust angle to meet vehicle specifications
    wheel alignment
  33. the feel of the vehicle through suspension movement and damping
    ride quality/ ride comfort
  34. limits suspension travel at the extreme ends of movement
    jounce/ rebound bumper
  35. the direction in which the rear axle pushes relative to the vehicle’s centerline
    thrust line
  36. the stiffness of a spring; resistance to compression
    spring rate
  37. a front suspension design using unequal length control arms
    short-arm/long-arm (SLA) suspension
  38. uses air springs instead of conventional coil or leaf springs
    air suspension
  39. uneven weight distribution in a wheel/tire assembly causing vibration
    wheel imbalance