understeer/oversteerhandlingconditions wherethe vehicle turnsless (understeer)or more(oversteer) thanintendedsteeringratiothe amount ofroad wheelturn comparedto steeringwheel inputrackpiston /sectorshaftinternal parts ofa steering gearthat can causeplay orlooseness ifwornanti-rollbar (swaybar)/ swaybar linkconnects bothsides of thesuspension toreduce bodyrollridequality/ridecomfortthe feel of thevehicle throughsuspensionmovement anddampingtoe-in/toe-outthe angle the tiresare pointed toward(toe-in) or awayfrom (toe-out)each other whenviewed from abovesteering gear(rack andpinion /recirculatingball)convertssteeringwheel inputinto wheelmotionidler arm/pitmanarmsteering linkagecomponentsthat support ortransfersteering motioncontrolarm(upper/lower)a suspensionlink that locatesthe wheel andallows verticalmotionwheeland tireserviceincludesbalancing,mounting,inflation,rotation, andinspectionshort-arm/long-arm (SLA)suspensiona frontsuspensiondesign usingunequal lengthcontrol armscontrolarmbushinga rubber orelastomericmount thatcushions andlocates thecontrol armpower-steeringbelt/pulleydrives thepowersteering pumpin manyvehiclestie rodendconnects thesteering linkageto the steeringknuckle,transferringsteering motionloadleveling/heightsensingsystems thatadjustsuspensionheight undervarying loadssteeringcolumnthe shaft andhousingconnecting thesteering wheelto the steeringgeartorsionbara springingmember thatresists twistand sets rideheight andspring ratestrutassemblycombines ashock absorberwith a structuralcomponentsupporting thechassisspringratethe stiffnessof a spring;resistance tocompressionwheelimbalanceuneven weightdistribution in awheel/tireassemblycausingvibrationthrustangleadjustmentaligning therear axlethrust line withthe vehicle’scenterlineairsuspensionuses airsprings insteadof conventionalcoil or leafspringsrideheightthe verticaldistance betweenthe vehicle’schassis and theground (or frameand axle)castertrail/steeringtrailthe distancebetween the tire’scontact patch andthe steering axisintersection pointcasterthe tilt of thesteering axiswhen viewedfrom the side(forward orrearward tilt)negativecamber/positivecambertop of the tiretilts inward(negative) oroutward(positive)thrustanglethe direction therear wheelspush the vehiclerelative to thecenterline of thevehiclecamberchangeduringrebound/compressionvariation incamber angleas thesuspensionmoves up ordownwheelalignmentadjustingcamber, caster,toe, and thrustangle to meetvehiclespecificationsshockabsorber(damper)a componentthat controlsspringoscillations andmotiondampingcamberthe tilt of the wheelor tire inward oroutward whenviewed from thefront of the vehiclebindingwhen asteering orsuspensionpart does notmove freelylostmotionexcessive freeplay in steeringbefore wheelmovementoccurswheeloffsetthe distancefrom the wheel’smountingsurface to itscenterline;affects fitmentpowersteeringpump /control valvehydraulic orelectriccomponentsthat reducesteering effortstrutmount/bearingthe top mountingpoint of a strutassembly, oftencontaining abearing forsteeringmovementthrustlinethe direction inwhich the rearaxle pushesrelative to thevehicle’scenterlinejounce/reboundbumperlimitssuspensiontravel at theextreme endsof movementballjointa pivot pointallowing multi-directionalmovement,connecting controlarms and steeringknucklesundersteer/oversteerhandlingconditions wherethe vehicle turnsless (understeer)or more(oversteer) thanintendedsteeringratiothe amount ofroad wheelturn comparedto steeringwheel inputrackpiston /sectorshaftinternal parts ofa steering gearthat can causeplay orlooseness ifwornanti-rollbar (swaybar)/ swaybar linkconnects bothsides of thesuspension toreduce bodyrollridequality/ridecomfortthe feel of thevehicle throughsuspensionmovement anddampingtoe-in/toe-outthe angle the tiresare pointed toward(toe-in) or awayfrom (toe-out)each other whenviewed from abovesteering gear(rack andpinion /recirculatingball)convertssteeringwheel inputinto wheelmotionidler arm/pitmanarmsteering linkagecomponentsthat support ortransfersteering motioncontrolarm(upper/lower)a suspensionlink that locatesthe wheel andallows verticalmotionwheeland tireserviceincludesbalancing,mounting,inflation,rotation, andinspectionshort-arm/long-arm (SLA)suspensiona frontsuspensiondesign usingunequal lengthcontrol armscontrolarmbushinga rubber orelastomericmount thatcushions andlocates thecontrol armpower-steeringbelt/pulleydrives thepowersteering pumpin manyvehiclestie rodendconnects thesteering linkageto the steeringknuckle,transferringsteering motionloadleveling/heightsensingsystems thatadjustsuspensionheight undervarying loadssteeringcolumnthe shaft andhousingconnecting thesteering wheelto the steeringgeartorsionbara springingmember thatresists twistand sets rideheight andspring ratestrutassemblycombines ashock absorberwith a structuralcomponentsupporting thechassisspringratethe stiffnessof a spring;resistance tocompressionwheelimbalanceuneven weightdistribution in awheel/tireassemblycausingvibrationthrustangleadjustmentaligning therear axlethrust line withthe vehicle’scenterlineairsuspensionuses airsprings insteadof conventionalcoil or leafspringsrideheightthe verticaldistance betweenthe vehicle’schassis and theground (or frameand axle)castertrail/steeringtrailthe distancebetween the tire’scontact patch andthe steering axisintersection pointcasterthe tilt of thesteering axiswhen viewedfrom the side(forward orrearward tilt)negativecamber/positivecambertop of the tiretilts inward(negative) oroutward(positive)thrustanglethe direction therear wheelspush the vehiclerelative to thecenterline of thevehiclecamberchangeduringrebound/compressionvariation incamber angleas thesuspensionmoves up ordownwheelalignmentadjustingcamber, caster,toe, and thrustangle to meetvehiclespecificationsshockabsorber(damper)a componentthat controlsspringoscillations andmotiondampingcamberthe tilt of the wheelor tire inward oroutward whenviewed from thefront of the vehiclebindingwhen asteering orsuspensionpart does notmove freelylostmotionexcessive freeplay in steeringbefore wheelmovementoccurswheeloffsetthe distancefrom the wheel’smountingsurface to itscenterline;affects fitmentpowersteeringpump /control valvehydraulic orelectriccomponentsthat reducesteering effortstrutmount/bearingthe top mountingpoint of a strutassembly, oftencontaining abearing forsteeringmovementthrustlinethe direction inwhich the rearaxle pushesrelative to thevehicle’scenterlinejounce/reboundbumperlimitssuspensiontravel at theextreme endsof movementballjointa pivot pointallowing multi-directionalmovement,connecting controlarms and steeringknuckles

CATS ASE Steering & Suspension Vocab - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. handling conditions where the vehicle turns less (understeer) or more (oversteer) than intended
    understeer/ oversteer
  2. the amount of road wheel turn compared to steering wheel input
    steering ratio
  3. internal parts of a steering gear that can cause play or looseness if worn
    rack piston / sector shaft
  4. connects both sides of the suspension to reduce body roll
    anti-roll bar (sway bar)/ sway bar link
  5. the feel of the vehicle through suspension movement and damping
    ride quality/ ride comfort
  6. the angle the tires are pointed toward (toe-in) or away from (toe-out) each other when viewed from above
    toe-in/toe-out
  7. converts steering wheel input into wheel motion
    steering gear (rack and pinion / recirculating ball)
  8. steering linkage components that support or transfer steering motion
    idler arm/ pitman arm
  9. a suspension link that locates the wheel and allows vertical motion
    control arm (upper/ lower)
  10. includes balancing, mounting, inflation, rotation, and inspection
    wheel and tire service
  11. a front suspension design using unequal length control arms
    short-arm/long-arm (SLA) suspension
  12. a rubber or elastomeric mount that cushions and locates the control arm
    control arm bushing
  13. drives the power steering pump in many vehicles
    power-steering belt/ pulley
  14. connects the steering linkage to the steering knuckle, transferring steering motion
    tie rod end
  15. systems that adjust suspension height under varying loads
    load leveling/ height sensing
  16. the shaft and housing connecting the steering wheel to the steering gear
    steering column
  17. a springing member that resists twist and sets ride height and spring rate
    torsion bar
  18. combines a shock absorber with a structural component supporting the chassis
    strut assembly
  19. the stiffness of a spring; resistance to compression
    spring rate
  20. uneven weight distribution in a wheel/tire assembly causing vibration
    wheel imbalance
  21. aligning the rear axle thrust line with the vehicle’s centerline
    thrust angle adjustment
  22. uses air springs instead of conventional coil or leaf springs
    air suspension
  23. the vertical distance between the vehicle’s chassis and the ground (or frame and axle)
    ride height
  24. the distance between the tire’s contact patch and the steering axis intersection point
    caster trail/ steering trail
  25. the tilt of the steering axis when viewed from the side (forward or rearward tilt)
    caster
  26. top of the tire tilts inward (negative) or outward (positive)
    negative camber/ positive camber
  27. the direction the rear wheels push the vehicle relative to the centerline of the vehicle
    thrust angle
  28. variation in camber angle as the suspension moves up or down
    camber change during rebound/ compression
  29. adjusting camber, caster, toe, and thrust angle to meet vehicle specifications
    wheel alignment
  30. a component that controls spring oscillations and motion damping
    shock absorber (damper)
  31. the tilt of the wheel or tire inward or outward when viewed from the front of the vehicle
    camber
  32. when a steering or suspension part does not move freely
    binding
  33. excessive free play in steering before wheel movement occurs
    lost motion
  34. the distance from the wheel’s mounting surface to its centerline; affects fitment
    wheel offset
  35. hydraulic or electric components that reduce steering effort
    power steering pump / control valve
  36. the top mounting point of a strut assembly, often containing a bearing for steering movement
    strut mount/ bearing
  37. the direction in which the rear axle pushes relative to the vehicle’s centerline
    thrust line
  38. limits suspension travel at the extreme ends of movement
    jounce/ rebound bumper
  39. a pivot point allowing multi-directional movement, connecting control arms and steering knuckles
    ball joint