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This bingo card has a free space and 103 words: Anemia is the most common blood disorder, and it affects more than 3 million Americans., Anemia is a blood disorder that occurs when the body lacks sufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. While some forms of anemia are inherited, individuals can, Iron deficiency, Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia, HOW IT WORKS: iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron. Without enough iron, your body can't produce enough of a substance in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin)., Stages of iron deficiency anemia, Stage 1 - Iron stores decrease. Your low iron supply hasn’t affected your red blood cells yet., Stage 2 - When iron stores are low, your body alters the way it processes red blood cells. Your bone marrow makes red blood cells without enough hemoglobin., stage 3 - Hemoglobin drops below the normal range., Signs and symptoms, Pallor, Fatigue, Cold hands and feet, Craving ice or clay, Dizziness, SOB, Brittle nails, Palpitations, RISK FACTORS, Inadequate Iron Intake:, - A poor diet lacking in iron-rich foods, such as red meat, leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals, can lead to iron deficiency., - As seen in Vegetarians and vegans, they may have particular difficulty obtaining sufficient heme iron from plant-based sources, as non-heme iron is less efficiently absorbed by the body., Increased iron requirements:, - Pregnancy: Pregnant women require more iron to support the developing fetus and increase blood volume., - Infancy and Childhood: Rapid growth in infants and toddlers increases iron needs., - Adolescence: Increased iron demand, - Increased iron loss:, - Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Conditions like ulcers, gastritis, or hemorrhoids can cause chronic blood loss., Surgery or Trauma: Major surgeries or accidents may lead to blood loss., - Impaired iron absorption:, -, Gastric Surgery: Procedures like gastric bypass reduce the stomach’s ability to absorb iron., Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis can affect iron absorption., DIAGNOSTIC, CBC:, Hemoglobin (Hgb): Low, Hematocrit (Hct): Low, RBC Count: Low or normal, MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume): LOW, Reticulocyte Count: Low or normal (indicates reduced RBC production), IRON STUDIES:, Serum Iron: Low, TIBC (Total Iron-Binding, Capacity): HIGH, Ferritin: LOW, BONE MARROW BIOPSY, Rarely performed but can be used to confirm iron deficiency if other diagnostics are inconclusive., TREATMENT, IRON SUPPLEMENTS, 1ST LINE OF TREATMENT, A. Ferrous sulfate or ferrous gluconate, B. Take on an empty stomach with vitamin C to improve absorption, Side effects: Constipation, dark stools, nausea.toms of the patient, DIETARY CHANGES, Increase iron-rich foods: red meat, beans, spinach, fortified cereals., Enhance absorption: Eat with vitamin C (e.g., citrus fruits)., Avoid inhibitors: Don’t take iron with dairy, coffee, or tea., IV IRON, Faster iron repletion in severe cases., Used when oral iron isn’t tolerated or absorbed. EX: Iron sucrose, ferumoxytol, BLOOD TRANSFUSION, USED IN SEVERE CASES, TYPES OF ANEMIA, Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD), Chronic inflammation or illness (e.g., infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases)., Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia (Pernicious Anemia), Caused by low levels of vitamin B12, May result from poor intake or inability to absorb B12, Can cause neurological symptoms if untreated, Sickle Cell Anemia, Inherited disorder where red blood cells become crescent-shaped and break down easily, Leads to chronic anemia, pain crises, and organ damage, Folate Deficiency Anemia, Due to lack of folic acid (a B vitamin), Common in people with poor diets, alcoholism, or malabsorption issues, Especially important during pregnancy, Aplastic Anemia, A rare condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, Can be caused by autoimmune disease, certain medications, or toxins, Thalassemia, Inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin production, Causes mild to severe anemia depending on the type, QUESTIONS, 1. Which of the following is the most common cause of anemia worldwide?, A) Vitamin B12 deficiency, B) Chronic diseases, C) Iron deficiency, D) Genetic disorders, 2. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?, A) Fatigue, B) Shortness of breath, C) High blood pressure, D) Pale skin, 3. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of iron deficiency anemia?, A) Elevated serum ferritin, B) Decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), C) Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, D) Increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 4. A patient with iron deficiency anemia is prescribed oral iron supplements. Which instruction should the nurse include?, A) Take the iron supplement with milk to enhance absorption., B) Iron supplements may cause stools to become dark or black., C) Decrease intake of vitamin C while on iron therapy. and D) Take iron supplements immediately before bedtime..

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