(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.
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Financial markets
Labour
Capital goods
Investment management
Bear
Bank rate
The process of making physical products from raw materials through the use of labour and machinery. Once dominant in developed economies, it now takes a smaller share of GDP than services. That is unlikely to be reversed: see this Explainer.
Tokens created digitally and at the moment privately, although some central banks have created their own (see this article). Enthusiasts see the currencies as a way of avoiding fiat currency and hence the oversight of governments and banks; owne
Limited liability
The practice of buying a company and rapidly selling off the component parts with the aim of making a profit. This often leads to great disruption in the business and a loss of jobs.
A term used to describe a country’s transactions with the rest of the world. The import and export of goods and services are captured in the current account, which also includes investment income and transfers (such as expatriate workers sending
Investment
See Gross Domestic Product.
Barter
Capital controls
Usually applied especially to China and Russia, this describes economies in which big business co-exists with an authoritarian government. Businesses are allowed to make money but if they dare to criticise the government, or appear too independen
One of the most reliable ways of raising revenue for governments. In many systems, income tax is deducted by the employer before workers receive their pay. Most governments don’t levy tax until individual incomes have reached a minimum level and
Free trade
The spending of money on goods and services by households. Consumers can either spend their income, or save it. When consumers are cautious, they spend less and save more. This can have adverse economic effects as consumption is usually the larg
GDP
Consumption
Credit
The places where money is invested, in the form of short-term loans, bonds, equities and derivatives. Often anthropomorphised in the media (eg, “The markets were unhappy with the government’s budget plans”).
A term used for both a factor for production and for the organised representatives of the working classes (trade unions and some political parties). The supply of labour is an important determinant of economic growth, and the shrinking of the wo
Hyperinflation
Investment vehicles that attract money from institutions (such as endowments and pension funds) and from wealthy individuals. They follow a wide range of strategies, often using leverage and going short (betting on falling prices). As well as an
The cause that led to the founding of The Economist in 1843. Free-trade enthusiasts believe that the unfettered international exchange of goods and services leads to more efficient economies (see comparative advantage) and thus, in the long run,
Balance of payments
These are usually associated with the sale of livestock, antiques and works of art. But in recent decades, they have been favoured by economists as a means of ensuring that sellers get the best price for a wider range of assets. For example, gove
Authoritarian capitalism
Something owed to others, and the other side of the balance-sheet from assets. Often, this is in the form of money, such as a debt. But it could be a warranty to repair or replace a product that the company has sold or the legal costs involved in
When inflation gets out of control—as happened, for example, in Germany in 1923. A loaf of bread cost 200bn marks in November 1923 and workers were paid twice a day because their wages fell in value during the day. Such high rates of inflation ar
This ratio measures the sensitivity of an individual asset’s price to that of the overall market. A stock that tends to go up even more rapidly than the market when it is rising, and drop more precipitously when it is falling, is described as “hi
Income tax
Term used in Britain to describe the official rate set by the Bank of England when it pays interest to commercial banks. By manipulating this rate, the Bank of England affects the level of rates that businesses and consumers pay to borrow money.
Regulations designed to prevent money from moving across borders. They are often used in regimes with a fixed exchange rate; by preventing money from flowing abroad, they protect the domestic currency from depreciation. Capital controls were a ke
Auctions
Cryptocurrency
A catch-all term for the extension of loans to individuals, companies or organisations. The term is also used more generally to refer to the total amount of debt in an economy, as in credit crunch and credit expansion. More narrowly, a credit is
Beta
A sector that focuses on managing the money of others. Most charge an annual fee but some also add a performance fee. See also active management, passive management, hedge funds, pension funds and private equity.
Physical assets that companies use in the manufacturing process.
The direct swap of goods and services for other goods and services, without the use of money. This is normally a less efficient form of trade, since the wants and needs of buyers and sellers rarely match exactly.
One of the most important concepts in modern capitalism. Limited liability means that investors who own the equity of a company can only lose their initial stake if the business collapses; creditors cannot pursue their other assets, such as thei
Investor who expects the price of an asset or assets in general to fall.
Asset stripping
This term is used in two linked ways, both referring to putting money to work, usually for the long term. Business investment occurs when companies buy new machines, or build new factories, or conduct research and development, with the aim of inc
