parallelismlogosethosAllusion: This is whereyour speech alludes toor echoes another. Younot only bond yourselfwith that text, you alsoengagelisteners/readers byevoking sharedknowledge.DictionanecdoteantithesisJargonJuxtaposition: ‘thebitter cold to thescorching heat...’;using things ofopposite nature can bevery effective inpersuading audiencesto accept the message.Hypophora:common techniquewhere the speaker/author starts with aquestion and thenanswers it.repetitionhypaphoraFactsRHETORICBiasGlittering generalities:abstract concepts,such as Americanjustice, civic duty,freedom, democracy,etc, are commonlyused to persuade anddifficult to oppose.expertopinionAnecdotetricolonLogos: thisappeal is to thelogic of theissue. Relates toreason, andvalidity.simileSynecdocheSelectivereportingStatisticsExclusivelanguagepathosjargonallusionParallelism: stylisticdevice that usesgrammatically parallelstructures. Assistslisteners and readersunderstanding yourpoints more easily andclearly, as it reinforcesthe message.Name calling andpinpointing the enemy: stirsup anger and we see it in1984; terrorists are called anetwork of killers, forexample. The two-minuteshate is a clear example.Gives the audience a clearsense of right and wrong.Ethos: an appealmade to thetrustworthiness ofthe speaker, theirethics andcredibility.ExpertopinionSimplification:reducing acomplicated situationis a commontechnique. Itmanifests itself asstereotypes.cardstackingGeneralizingPlain folks: ageneralizationabout theaverage personand groups.HyperbolepolysyndetonnamecallingRepetition: whenused well, it creates asense of power andstructure. Repeatingsmall phrases caningrain an idea.False dilemma:presenting to anaudience a falsedilemma, which issimple and binary,where audiences arepresented with twoextremes, with reallyno choice.ClichéFigurative speech:creators of textsoften usemetaphors andsimiles to createan effective idea.assertionjuxtapositionBandwagoningAssertion,eg ‘OurNation isstrong’.falsedilemmaCard stacking:selectivelyincludingarguments tosupport yourstance whistignoring others.SarcasmInclusivelanguageStereotypingPathos: appealsto the emotionwithin an issue.Think ofsympathy,empathy.rhetoricalquestionselectivereportingAntithesis: In orderto tell people whatyou believe in, youtell them what youdon’t believe in.PROPAGANDATECHNIQUESdictionAppeal: there aremany appeals, usuallyto values, in speeches.Traditionally the mostcommon include family,country, loyalty, safety,fear, hip pocket,patriotism etc.EuphemismsinclusivelanguageappealTricolon and polysyndeton:the rule of three, the magicthree, the tricolon: it’s allthe same thing! Thecumulative effect has apowerful effect on anaudience. The repetitionand use of ‘and’ and otherconjunctions createsspeed, reinforces theparallelismlogosethosAllusion: This is whereyour speech alludes toor echoes another. Younot only bond yourselfwith that text, you alsoengagelisteners/readers byevoking sharedknowledge.DictionanecdoteantithesisJargonJuxtaposition: ‘thebitter cold to thescorching heat...’;using things ofopposite nature can bevery effective inpersuading audiencesto accept the message.Hypophora:common techniquewhere the speaker/author starts with aquestion and thenanswers it.repetitionhypaphoraFactsRHETORICBiasGlittering generalities:abstract concepts,such as Americanjustice, civic duty,freedom, democracy,etc, are commonlyused to persuade anddifficult to oppose.expertopinionAnecdotetricolonLogos: thisappeal is to thelogic of theissue. Relates toreason, andvalidity.simileSynecdocheSelectivereportingStatisticsExclusivelanguagepathosjargonallusionParallelism: stylisticdevice that usesgrammatically parallelstructures. Assistslisteners and readersunderstanding yourpoints more easily andclearly, as it reinforcesthe message.Name calling andpinpointing the enemy: stirsup anger and we see it in1984; terrorists are called anetwork of killers, forexample. The two-minuteshate is a clear example.Gives the audience a clearsense of right and wrong.Ethos: an appealmade to thetrustworthiness ofthe speaker, theirethics andcredibility.ExpertopinionSimplification:reducing acomplicated situationis a commontechnique. Itmanifests itself asstereotypes.cardstackingGeneralizingPlain folks: ageneralizationabout theaverage personand groups.HyperbolepolysyndetonnamecallingRepetition: whenused well, it creates asense of power andstructure. Repeatingsmall phrases caningrain an idea.False dilemma:presenting to anaudience a falsedilemma, which issimple and binary,where audiences arepresented with twoextremes, with reallyno choice.ClichéFigurative speech:creators of textsoften usemetaphors andsimiles to createan effective idea.assertionjuxtapositionBandwagoningAssertion,eg ‘OurNation isstrong’.falsedilemmaCard stacking:selectivelyincludingarguments tosupport yourstance whistignoring others.SarcasmInclusivelanguageStereotypingPathos: appealsto the emotionwithin an issue.Think ofsympathy,empathy.rhetoricalquestionselectivereportingAntithesis: In orderto tell people whatyou believe in, youtell them what youdon’t believe in.PROPAGANDATECHNIQUESdictionAppeal: there aremany appeals, usuallyto values, in speeches.Traditionally the mostcommon include family,country, loyalty, safety,fear, hip pocket,patriotism etc.EuphemismsinclusivelanguageappealTricolon and polysyndeton:the rule of three, the magicthree, the tricolon: it’s allthe same thing! Thecumulative effect has apowerful effect on anaudience. The repetitionand use of ‘and’ and otherconjunctions createsspeed, reinforces the

Persuasive and rhetorical techniques - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. parallelism
  2. logos
  3. ethos
  4. Allusion: This is where your speech alludes to or echoes another. You not only bond yourself with that text, you also engage listeners/readers by evoking shared knowledge.
  5. Diction
  6. anecdote
  7. antithesis
  8. Jargon
  9. Juxtaposition: ‘the bitter cold to the scorching heat...’; using things of opposite nature can be very effective in persuading audiences to accept the message.
  10. Hypophora: common technique where the speaker/ author starts with a question and then answers it.
  11. repetition
  12. hypaphora
  13. Facts
  14. RHETORIC
  15. Bias
  16. Glittering generalities: abstract concepts, such as American justice, civic duty, freedom, democracy, etc, are commonly used to persuade and difficult to oppose.
  17. expert opinion
  18. Anecdote
  19. tricolon
  20. Logos: this appeal is to the logic of the issue. Relates to reason, and validity.
  21. simile
  22. Synecdoche
  23. Selective reporting
  24. Statistics
  25. Exclusive language
  26. pathos
  27. jargon
  28. allusion
  29. Parallelism: stylistic device that uses grammatically parallel structures. Assists listeners and readers understanding your points more easily and clearly, as it reinforces the message.
  30. Name calling and pinpointing the enemy: stirs up anger and we see it in 1984; terrorists are called a network of killers, for example. The two-minutes hate is a clear example. Gives the audience a clear sense of right and wrong.
  31. Ethos: an appeal made to the trustworthiness of the speaker, their ethics and credibility.
  32. Expert opinion
  33. Simplification: reducing a complicated situation is a common technique. It manifests itself as stereotypes.
  34. card stacking
  35. Generalizing
  36. Plain folks: a generalization about the average person and groups.
  37. Hyperbole
  38. polysyndeton
  39. name calling
  40. Repetition: when used well, it creates a sense of power and structure. Repeating small phrases can ingrain an idea.
  41. False dilemma: presenting to an audience a false dilemma, which is simple and binary, where audiences are presented with two extremes, with really no choice.
  42. Cliché
  43. Figurative speech: creators of texts often use metaphors and similes to create an effective idea.
  44. assertion
  45. juxtaposition
  46. Bandwagoning
  47. Assertion, eg ‘Our Nation is strong’.
  48. false dilemma
  49. Card stacking: selectively including arguments to support your stance whist ignoring others.
  50. Sarcasm
  51. Inclusive language
  52. Stereotyping
  53. Pathos: appeals to the emotion within an issue. Think of sympathy, empathy.
  54. rhetorical question
  55. selective reporting
  56. Antithesis: In order to tell people what you believe in, you tell them what you don’t believe in.
  57. PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES
  58. diction
  59. Appeal: there are many appeals, usually to values, in speeches. Traditionally the most common include family, country, loyalty, safety, fear, hip pocket, patriotism etc.
  60. Euphemisms
  61. inclusive language
  62. appeal
  63. Tricolon and polysyndeton: the rule of three, the magic three, the tricolon: it’s all the same thing! The cumulative effect has a powerful effect on an audience. The repetition and use of ‘and’ and other conjunctions creates speed, reinforces the