Phosphorylation:Addition of a phosphategroup to a proteinmolecule, oftencatalyzed by proteinkinases, which regulatesprotein activity and playsa key role in signaltransduction.Endocrine Signaling:Signaling mechanism inwhich signalingmolecules (hormones)are released into thebloodstream byendocrine glands andtravel to distant targetcells to elicit a response.Feedback Mechanism:Regulatory mechanism inwhich the output orresponse of a signalingpathway regulates theactivity of componentswithin the pathway,providing control andmaintaining homeostasis.Paracrine Signaling:Signaling mechanismin which signalingmolecules (paracrinefactors) are releasedby one cell and acton nearby target cellsto elicit a response.Signal Amplification:Process by which a smallnumber of extracellularsignaling molecules lead toa large cellular responsethrough signal transductioncascades and amplificationof intracellular signalingpathways.Gap Junction: Specializedintercellular connectionscomposed of channelsformed by connexinproteins, allowing directcommunication andexchange of ions and smallmolecules betweenadjacent cells.Intracellular Signaling:Signaling processesthat occur within thecell, often involvingsignaling moleculesproduced inside thecell or released fromintracellular organelles.Receptor: A proteinmolecule, often foundon the cell surface,that binds to specificsignaling molecules(ligands) and initiatesa cellular response.Second Messenger: Smallmolecules, such as cyclicAMP (cAMP) or calciumions (Ca2+), that relaysignals from cell surfacereceptors to intracellulartargets, amplifying thesignal and initiating cellularresponses.Signal Transduction: Theprocess by whichextracellular signals aretransmitted into the cell,leading to a cellularresponse. This typicallyinvolves a series ofmolecular events andchanges in protein activity.Cell Surface Receptor:Receptors located onthe cell membrane thatbind to signalingmolecules and initiatesignal transductioncascades, leading tocellular responses.Autocrine Signaling:Signaling mechanismin which cells respondto signaling molecules(autocrine factors) thatthey themselvesproduce, leading toself-stimulation ofcellular responses.Intracellular Receptor:Receptors located insidethe cell, typically in thecytoplasm or nucleus,that bind to hydrophobicsignaling molecules(e.g., steroid hormones)and regulate geneexpression.Hormone: Signalingmolecules produced byendocrine glands orcells that travel throughthe bloodstream totarget cells, where theyregulate variousphysiologicalprocesses.Phosphorylation:Addition of a phosphategroup to a proteinmolecule, oftencatalyzed by proteinkinases, which regulatesprotein activity and playsa key role in signaltransduction.Endocrine Signaling:Signaling mechanism inwhich signalingmolecules (hormones)are released into thebloodstream byendocrine glands andtravel to distant targetcells to elicit a response.Feedback Mechanism:Regulatory mechanism inwhich the output orresponse of a signalingpathway regulates theactivity of componentswithin the pathway,providing control andmaintaining homeostasis.Paracrine Signaling:Signaling mechanismin which signalingmolecules (paracrinefactors) are releasedby one cell and acton nearby target cellsto elicit a response.Signal Amplification:Process by which a smallnumber of extracellularsignaling molecules lead toa large cellular responsethrough signal transductioncascades and amplificationof intracellular signalingpathways.Gap Junction: Specializedintercellular connectionscomposed of channelsformed by connexinproteins, allowing directcommunication andexchange of ions and smallmolecules betweenadjacent cells.Intracellular Signaling:Signaling processesthat occur within thecell, often involvingsignaling moleculesproduced inside thecell or released fromintracellular organelles.Receptor: A proteinmolecule, often foundon the cell surface,that binds to specificsignaling molecules(ligands) and initiatesa cellular response.Second Messenger: Smallmolecules, such as cyclicAMP (cAMP) or calciumions (Ca2+), that relaysignals from cell surfacereceptors to intracellulartargets, amplifying thesignal and initiating cellularresponses.Signal Transduction: Theprocess by whichextracellular signals aretransmitted into the cell,leading to a cellularresponse. This typicallyinvolves a series ofmolecular events andchanges in protein activity.Cell Surface Receptor:Receptors located onthe cell membrane thatbind to signalingmolecules and initiatesignal transductioncascades, leading tocellular responses.Autocrine Signaling:Signaling mechanismin which cells respondto signaling molecules(autocrine factors) thatthey themselvesproduce, leading toself-stimulation ofcellular responses.Intracellular Receptor:Receptors located insidethe cell, typically in thecytoplasm or nucleus,that bind to hydrophobicsignaling molecules(e.g., steroid hormones)and regulate geneexpression.Hormone: Signalingmolecules produced byendocrine glands orcells that travel throughthe bloodstream totarget cells, where theyregulate variousphysiologicalprocesses.

cell signalling - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Phosphorylation: Addition of a phosphate group to a protein molecule, often catalyzed by protein kinases, which regulates protein activity and plays a key role in signal transduction.
  2. Endocrine Signaling: Signaling mechanism in which signaling molecules (hormones) are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands and travel to distant target cells to elicit a response.
  3. Feedback Mechanism: Regulatory mechanism in which the output or response of a signaling pathway regulates the activity of components within the pathway, providing control and maintaining homeostasis.
  4. Paracrine Signaling: Signaling mechanism in which signaling molecules (paracrine factors) are released by one cell and act on nearby target cells to elicit a response.
  5. Signal Amplification: Process by which a small number of extracellular signaling molecules lead to a large cellular response through signal transduction cascades and amplification of intracellular signaling pathways.
  6. Gap Junction: Specialized intercellular connections composed of channels formed by connexin proteins, allowing direct communication and exchange of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells.
  7. Intracellular Signaling: Signaling processes that occur within the cell, often involving signaling molecules produced inside the cell or released from intracellular organelles.
  8. Receptor: A protein molecule, often found on the cell surface, that binds to specific signaling molecules (ligands) and initiates a cellular response.
  9. Second Messenger: Small molecules, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) or calcium ions (Ca2+), that relay signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular targets, amplifying the signal and initiating cellular responses.
  10. Signal Transduction: The process by which extracellular signals are transmitted into the cell, leading to a cellular response. This typically involves a series of molecular events and changes in protein activity.
  11. Cell Surface Receptor: Receptors located on the cell membrane that bind to signaling molecules and initiate signal transduction cascades, leading to cellular responses.
  12. Autocrine Signaling: Signaling mechanism in which cells respond to signaling molecules (autocrine factors) that they themselves produce, leading to self-stimulation of cellular responses.
  13. Intracellular Receptor: Receptors located inside the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus, that bind to hydrophobic signaling molecules (e.g., steroid hormones) and regulate gene expression.
  14. Hormone: Signaling molecules produced by endocrine glands or cells that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, where they regulate various physiological processes.