Proximal phalanx of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone Abductor Hallucis Medially rotate the flexed knee and flex the knee Popliteus Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, 5, S1, 2 Semitendinosus Extend the first toe, dorsiflex the ankle, and invert the foot Extensor Hallucis Longus Middle, posterior surface of tibia Flexor Digitorum Longus Medial lip of linea aspera Vastus Medialis Evert the foot and assist to plantar flex the ankle Fibularis Brevis Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Abductor Digiti Minimi This muscle has two heads and can have three different actions, unlike any other muscle of the foot Adductor Hallucis Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia Semimembranosus Femoral L2, 3, 4 Quadriceps Femoris Group Tibial L5, S1, (2) Flexor Digitorum Longus This muscle has a short belly, but its tendon is the longest in the body. Plantaris Base of the 5th metatarsal Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis This muscle is part of the adductor group of the hip but is the only one in its group to have an action at the knee. Gracilis Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Fibularis Longus Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament) Quadriceps Femoris Group Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd – 5th metatarsals Plantar Interossei 1st : Medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe. 2nd – 4th : Lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd – 4th toes. Dorsal Interossei This muscle is the only one in the quadriceps femoris group to cross two joints (the hip and the knee). Rectus Femoris The Greek name of this muscle means “belly of the leg”, suggesting it is a round muscle, when it is actually thin compared to the soleus. Gastrocnemius Extend the 2nd – 5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, and evert the foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Dorsal surface of calcaneus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Iliotibial tract Tensor Fasciae Latae/ Iliotibial Tract Invert the foot and dorsiflex the ankle Tibialis Anterior You use this muscle when walking on your tiptoes, hiking on a rocky trail, or turning the water tap with your toes when lying in the bathtub. Tibialis Posterior Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera Biceps Femoris Plantar Flex the ankle Soleus Flex middle phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes Flexor Digitorum Brevis This muscle is the longest in the body, stretching from the ASIS, across the thigh, to the medial knee. Sartorius Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Second through fourth Lumbricals of the Foot Middle half of posterior fibula Flexor Hallucis Longus Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Quadratus Plantae Tibial L4, 5, S1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis Proximal phalanx of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone Abductor Hallucis Medially rotate the flexed knee and flex the knee Popliteus Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, 5, S1, 2 Semitendinosus Extend the first toe, dorsiflex the ankle, and invert the foot Extensor Hallucis Longus Middle, posterior surface of tibia Flexor Digitorum Longus Medial lip of linea aspera Vastus Medialis Evert the foot and assist to plantar flex the ankle Fibularis Brevis Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Abductor Digiti Minimi This muscle has two heads and can have three different actions, unlike any other muscle of the foot Adductor Hallucis Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia Semimembranosus Femoral L2, 3, 4 Quadriceps Femoris Group Tibial L5, S1, (2) Flexor Digitorum Longus This muscle has a short belly, but its tendon is the longest in the body. Plantaris Base of the 5th metatarsal Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis This muscle is part of the adductor group of the hip but is the only one in its group to have an action at the knee. Gracilis Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Fibularis Longus Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament) Quadriceps Femoris Group Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd – 5th metatarsals Plantar Interossei 1st : Medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe. 2nd – 4th : Lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd – 4th toes. Dorsal Interossei This muscle is the only one in the quadriceps femoris group to cross two joints (the hip and the knee). Rectus Femoris The Greek name of this muscle means “belly of the leg”, suggesting it is a round muscle, when it is actually thin compared to the soleus. Gastrocnemius Extend the 2nd – 5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, and evert the foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Dorsal surface of calcaneus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Iliotibial tract Tensor Fasciae Latae/ Iliotibial Tract Invert the foot and dorsiflex the ankle Tibialis Anterior You use this muscle when walking on your tiptoes, hiking on a rocky trail, or turning the water tap with your toes when lying in the bathtub. Tibialis Posterior Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera Biceps Femoris Plantar Flex the ankle Soleus Flex middle phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes Flexor Digitorum Brevis This muscle is the longest in the body, stretching from the ASIS, across the thigh, to the medial knee. Sartorius Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Second through fourth Lumbricals of the Foot Middle half of posterior fibula Flexor Hallucis Longus Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Quadratus Plantae Tibial L4, 5, S1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis
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I-Abductor Hallucis
A-Popliteus
N-Semitendinosus
A-Extensor Hallucis Longus
O-Flexor Digitorum Longus
O-Vastus Medialis
A-Fibularis Brevis
O-Abductor Digiti Minimi
M-Adductor Hallucis
I-Semimembranosus
N-Quadriceps Femoris Group
N-Flexor Digitorum Longus
M-Plantaris
O-Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
M-Gracilis
N-Fibularis Longus
I-Quadriceps Femoris Group
N-Extensor Hallucis Brevis
I-Plantar Interossei
I-Dorsal Interossei
M-Rectus Femoris
M-Gastrocnemius
A-Extensor Digitorum Longus
O-Extensor Digitorum Brevis
I-Tensor Fasciae Latae/ Iliotibial Tract
A-Tibialis Anterior
M-Tibialis Posterior
O-Biceps Femoris
A-Soleus
A-Flexor Digitorum Brevis
M-Sartorius
N-Second through fourth Lumbricals of the Foot
O-Flexor Hallucis Longus
I-Quadratus Plantae
N-Flexor Hallucis Brevis
