Flex middle phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes Flexor Digitorum Brevis Medially rotate the flexed knee and flex the knee Popliteus This muscle has a short belly, but its tendon is the longest in the body. Plantaris Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Abductor Digiti Minimi This muscle is the only one in the quadriceps femoris group to cross two joints (the hip and the knee). Rectus Femoris Femoral L2, 3, 4 Quadriceps Femoris Group Iliotibial tract Tensor Fasciae Latae/ Iliotibial Tract The Greek name of this muscle means “belly of the leg”, suggesting it is a round muscle, when it is actually thin compared to the soleus. Gastrocnemius You use this muscle when walking on your tiptoes, hiking on a rocky trail, or turning the water tap with your toes when lying in the bathtub. Tibialis Posterior Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Fibularis Longus 1st : Medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe. 2nd – 4th : Lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd – 4th toes. Dorsal Interossei Invert the foot and dorsiflex the ankle Tibialis Anterior Plantar Flex the ankle Soleus Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Second through fourth Lumbricals of the Foot Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament) Quadriceps Femoris Group Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Quadratus Plantae This muscle has two heads and can have three different actions, unlike any other muscle of the foot Adductor Hallucis This muscle is part of the adductor group of the hip but is the only one in its group to have an action at the knee. Gracilis Base of the 5th metatarsal Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera Biceps Femoris Extend the 2nd – 5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, and evert the foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial L5, S1, (2) Flexor Digitorum Longus Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd – 5th metatarsals Plantar Interossei This muscle is the longest in the body, stretching from the ASIS, across the thigh, to the medial knee. Sartorius Medial lip of linea aspera Vastus Medialis Proximal phalanx of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone Abductor Hallucis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis Middle, posterior surface of tibia Flexor Digitorum Longus Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia Semimembranosus Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, 5, S1, 2 Semitendinosus Dorsal surface of calcaneus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extend the first toe, dorsiflex the ankle, and invert the foot Extensor Hallucis Longus Evert the foot and assist to plantar flex the ankle Fibularis Brevis Middle half of posterior fibula Flexor Hallucis Longus Flex middle phalanges of the 2nd – 5th toes Flexor Digitorum Brevis Medially rotate the flexed knee and flex the knee Popliteus This muscle has a short belly, but its tendon is the longest in the body. Plantaris Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Abductor Digiti Minimi This muscle is the only one in the quadriceps femoris group to cross two joints (the hip and the knee). Rectus Femoris Femoral L2, 3, 4 Quadriceps Femoris Group Iliotibial tract Tensor Fasciae Latae/ Iliotibial Tract The Greek name of this muscle means “belly of the leg”, suggesting it is a round muscle, when it is actually thin compared to the soleus. Gastrocnemius You use this muscle when walking on your tiptoes, hiking on a rocky trail, or turning the water tap with your toes when lying in the bathtub. Tibialis Posterior Superficial Fibular L4, 5, S1 Fibularis Longus 1st : Medial surface of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe. 2nd – 4th : Lateral surfaces of proximal phalanges of 2nd – 4th toes. Dorsal Interossei Invert the foot and dorsiflex the ankle Tibialis Anterior Plantar Flex the ankle Soleus Tibial L(4), (5), S1, 2 Second through fourth Lumbricals of the Foot Tibial Tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament) Quadriceps Femoris Group Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon Quadratus Plantae This muscle has two heads and can have three different actions, unlike any other muscle of the foot Adductor Hallucis This muscle is part of the adductor group of the hip but is the only one in its group to have an action at the knee. Gracilis Base of the 5th metatarsal Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera Biceps Femoris Extend the 2nd – 5th toes, dorsiflex the ankle, and evert the foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial L5, S1, (2) Flexor Digitorum Longus Medial surfaces of proximal phalanges of 3rd – 5th metatarsals Plantar Interossei This muscle is the longest in the body, stretching from the ASIS, across the thigh, to the medial knee. Sartorius Medial lip of linea aspera Vastus Medialis Proximal phalanx of 1st toe and medial sesamoid bone Abductor Hallucis Tibial L4, 5, S1 Flexor Hallucis Brevis Middle, posterior surface of tibia Flexor Digitorum Longus Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia Semimembranosus Sciatic (tibial branch) L4, 5, S1, 2 Semitendinosus Dorsal surface of calcaneus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Deep Fibular L4, 5, S1 Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extend the first toe, dorsiflex the ankle, and invert the foot Extensor Hallucis Longus Evert the foot and assist to plantar flex the ankle Fibularis Brevis Middle half of posterior fibula Flexor Hallucis Longus
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A-Flexor Digitorum Brevis
A-Popliteus
M-Plantaris
O-Abductor Digiti Minimi
M-Rectus Femoris
N-Quadriceps Femoris Group
I-Tensor Fasciae Latae/ Iliotibial Tract
M-Gastrocnemius
M-Tibialis Posterior
N-Fibularis Longus
I-Dorsal Interossei
A-Tibialis Anterior
A-Soleus
N-Second through fourth Lumbricals of the Foot
I-Quadriceps Femoris Group
I-Quadratus Plantae
M-Adductor Hallucis
M-Gracilis
O-Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
O-Biceps Femoris
A-Extensor Digitorum Longus
N-Flexor Digitorum Longus
I-Plantar Interossei
M-Sartorius
O-Vastus Medialis
I-Abductor Hallucis
N-Flexor Hallucis Brevis
O-Flexor Digitorum Longus
I-Semimembranosus
N-Semitendinosus
O-Extensor Digitorum Brevis
N-Extensor Hallucis Brevis
A-Extensor Hallucis Longus
A-Fibularis Brevis
O-Flexor Hallucis Longus
