accelerationbetweenages 3-4PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..PA beginsto developaround...non-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreading4% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDPA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearsphonologicalprocessingphonologicalawareness(PA)umbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguagephonemicawarenessdirect PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingIf a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingThe worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will bePA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondence[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developmorphophonologypre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuancesContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11kids withbetter PAskills...More complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9syllableawarenessPhonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5phonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesdividevs.divisionphonemelevelonset-rimeawarenessphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5early PAskills predictlater readingskillsPA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunksaccelerationbetweenages 3-4PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..PA beginsto developaround...non-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreading4% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDPA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearsphonologicalprocessingphonologicalawareness(PA)umbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguagephonemicawarenessdirect PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingIf a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingThe worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will bePA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondence[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developmorphophonologypre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuancesContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11kids withbetter PAskills...More complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9syllableawarenessPhonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5phonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesdividevs.divisionphonemelevelonset-rimeawarenessphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5early PAskills predictlater readingskillsPA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunks

Phonological Awareness, SSDs, and Literacy - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. acceleration between ages 3-4
  2. PA instruction can prevent negative long-term effects..
  3. PA begins to develop around...
  4. non-developmental patterns are associated with greater difficulty reading
  5. 4% of 6-year-olds learn to read with an SSD
  6. PA skills develop through the school years
  7. phonological processing
  8. phonological awareness (PA)
  9. umbrella term for processing sounds in one's language
  10. phonemic awareness
  11. direct PA and sound-letter correspondencde instruction = better reading and spelling
  12. If a SSD is phonology-based, it will likely affect reading
  13. The worse the phonemic-based disorder, the harder reading and spelling will be
  14. PA teaching works best when paired with sound-letter correstpondence
  15. [s, l, ɹ, θ] blends and 3-element [s] clusters latest to develop
  16. morphophonology
  17. pre-teens and teens still learning intonation nuances
  18. Contrastive stress isn’t yet adult like for most children even at age 11
  19. kids with better PA skills...
  20. More complex consonant clusters still developing until age 9
  21. syllable awareness
  22. Phonological development largely complete by age 5
  23. phonemic-based speech difficulties
  24. divide vs. division
  25. phoneme level
  26. onset-rime awareness
  27. phonemic awareness begins to stalbize around age 5
  28. early PA skills predict later reading skills
  29. PA develops from big chunks to smaller chunks