phonologicalprocessingaccelerationbetweenages 3-44% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDPhonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5phonemicawarenessPA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearsMore complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..PA beginsto developaround...early PAskills predictlater readingskillssyllableawareness[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developdividevs.divisionmorphophonologyContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11phonemelevelphonologicalawareness(PA)direct PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingPA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondencephonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesnon-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreadingonset-rimeawarenessThe worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will beIf a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5PA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunkspre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuanceskids withbetter PAskills...umbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguagephonologicalprocessingaccelerationbetweenages 3-44% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDPhonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5phonemicawarenessPA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearsMore complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..PA beginsto developaround...early PAskills predictlater readingskillssyllableawareness[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developdividevs.divisionmorphophonologyContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11phonemelevelphonologicalawareness(PA)direct PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingPA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondencephonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesnon-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreadingonset-rimeawarenessThe worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will beIf a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5PA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunkspre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuanceskids withbetter PAskills...umbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguage

Phonological Awareness, SSDs, and Literacy - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. phonological processing
  2. acceleration between ages 3-4
  3. 4% of 6-year-olds learn to read with an SSD
  4. Phonological development largely complete by age 5
  5. phonemic awareness
  6. PA skills develop through the school years
  7. More complex consonant clusters still developing until age 9
  8. PA instruction can prevent negative long-term effects..
  9. PA begins to develop around...
  10. early PA skills predict later reading skills
  11. syllable awareness
  12. [s, l, ɹ, θ] blends and 3-element [s] clusters latest to develop
  13. divide vs. division
  14. morphophonology
  15. Contrastive stress isn’t yet adult like for most children even at age 11
  16. phoneme level
  17. phonological awareness (PA)
  18. direct PA and sound-letter correspondencde instruction = better reading and spelling
  19. PA teaching works best when paired with sound-letter correstpondence
  20. phonemic-based speech difficulties
  21. non-developmental patterns are associated with greater difficulty reading
  22. onset-rime awareness
  23. The worse the phonemic-based disorder, the harder reading and spelling will be
  24. If a SSD is phonology-based, it will likely affect reading
  25. phonemic awareness begins to stalbize around age 5
  26. PA develops from big chunks to smaller chunks
  27. pre-teens and teens still learning intonation nuances
  28. kids with better PA skills...
  29. umbrella term for processing sounds in one's language