Contrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11Phonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..4% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDphonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesThe worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will bephonemelevelphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developaccelerationbetweenages 3-4If a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingphonemicawarenessdirect PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingsyllableawarenessumbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguageearly PAskills predictlater readingskillsdividevs.divisionkids withbetter PAskills...morphophonologypre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuancesphonologicalawareness(PA)PA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearsonset-rimeawarenessMore complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9PA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunksPA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondencephonologicalprocessingPA beginsto developaround...non-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreadingContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11Phonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..4% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDphonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesThe worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will bephonemelevelphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developaccelerationbetweenages 3-4If a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingphonemicawarenessdirect PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingsyllableawarenessumbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguageearly PAskills predictlater readingskillsdividevs.divisionkids withbetter PAskills...morphophonologypre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuancesphonologicalawareness(PA)PA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearsonset-rimeawarenessMore complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9PA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunksPA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondencephonologicalprocessingPA beginsto developaround...non-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreading

Phonological Awareness, SSDs, and Literacy - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. Contrastive stress isn’t yet adult like for most children even at age 11
  2. Phonological development largely complete by age 5
  3. PA instruction can prevent negative long-term effects..
  4. 4% of 6-year-olds learn to read with an SSD
  5. phonemic-based speech difficulties
  6. The worse the phonemic-based disorder, the harder reading and spelling will be
  7. phoneme level
  8. phonemic awareness begins to stalbize around age 5
  9. [s, l, ɹ, θ] blends and 3-element [s] clusters latest to develop
  10. acceleration between ages 3-4
  11. If a SSD is phonology-based, it will likely affect reading
  12. phonemic awareness
  13. direct PA and sound-letter correspondencde instruction = better reading and spelling
  14. syllable awareness
  15. umbrella term for processing sounds in one's language
  16. early PA skills predict later reading skills
  17. divide vs. division
  18. kids with better PA skills...
  19. morphophonology
  20. pre-teens and teens still learning intonation nuances
  21. phonological awareness (PA)
  22. PA skills develop through the school years
  23. onset-rime awareness
  24. More complex consonant clusters still developing until age 9
  25. PA develops from big chunks to smaller chunks
  26. PA teaching works best when paired with sound-letter correstpondence
  27. phonological processing
  28. PA begins to develop around...
  29. non-developmental patterns are associated with greater difficulty reading