PA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunksonset-rimeawarenessphonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11More complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..dividevs.divisiondirect PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingmorphophonologyphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5PA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearspre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuances4% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDumbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguagephonologicalawareness(PA)The worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will bephonemelevelPhonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developPA beginsto developaround...phonologicalprocessingnon-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreadingIf a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingkids withbetter PAskills...phonemicawarenesssyllableawarenessaccelerationbetweenages 3-4PA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondenceearly PAskills predictlater readingskillsPA developsfrom bigchunks tosmallerchunksonset-rimeawarenessphonemic-basedspeechdifficultiesContrastivestress isn’t yetadult like formost childreneven at age 11More complexconsonantclusters stilldevelopinguntil age 9PA instructioncan preventnegativelong-termeffects..dividevs.divisiondirect PA andsound-lettercorrespondencdeinstruction =better readingand spellingmorphophonologyphonemicawarenessbegins tostalbizearound age 5PA skillsdevelopthrough theschool yearspre-teensand teensstill learningintonationnuances4% of 6-year-oldslearn to readwith an SSDumbrella termfor processingsounds inone'slanguagephonologicalawareness(PA)The worse thephonemic-based disorder,the harderreading andspelling will bephonemelevelPhonologicaldevelopmentlargelycomplete byage 5[s, l, ɹ, θ]blends and 3-element [s]clusters latestto developPA beginsto developaround...phonologicalprocessingnon-developmentalpatterns areassociated withgreater difficultyreadingIf a SSD isphonology-based, it willlikely affectreadingkids withbetter PAskills...phonemicawarenesssyllableawarenessaccelerationbetweenages 3-4PA teachingworks best whenpaired withsound-lettercorrestpondenceearly PAskills predictlater readingskills

Phonological Awareness, SSDs, and Literacy - Call List

(Print) Use this randomly generated list as your call list when playing the game. There is no need to say the BINGO column name. Place some kind of mark (like an X, a checkmark, a dot, tally mark, etc) on each cell as you announce it, to keep track. You can also cut out each item, place them in a bag and pull words from the bag.


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  1. PA develops from big chunks to smaller chunks
  2. onset-rime awareness
  3. phonemic-based speech difficulties
  4. Contrastive stress isn’t yet adult like for most children even at age 11
  5. More complex consonant clusters still developing until age 9
  6. PA instruction can prevent negative long-term effects..
  7. divide vs. division
  8. direct PA and sound-letter correspondencde instruction = better reading and spelling
  9. morphophonology
  10. phonemic awareness begins to stalbize around age 5
  11. PA skills develop through the school years
  12. pre-teens and teens still learning intonation nuances
  13. 4% of 6-year-olds learn to read with an SSD
  14. umbrella term for processing sounds in one's language
  15. phonological awareness (PA)
  16. The worse the phonemic-based disorder, the harder reading and spelling will be
  17. phoneme level
  18. Phonological development largely complete by age 5
  19. [s, l, ɹ, θ] blends and 3-element [s] clusters latest to develop
  20. PA begins to develop around...
  21. phonological processing
  22. non-developmental patterns are associated with greater difficulty reading
  23. If a SSD is phonology-based, it will likely affect reading
  24. kids with better PA skills...
  25. phonemic awareness
  26. syllable awareness
  27. acceleration between ages 3-4
  28. PA teaching works best when paired with sound-letter correstpondence
  29. early PA skills predict later reading skills