This bingo card has 26 words: Free!, Steam at 100 oC contains 7x as much energy as water at 100 oC., Steam sterilizers autoclaves use pressurized steam heat to kill any microbial life that may be present on a contaminated load., Autoclave is a pressurized device designed to heat aqueous solutions above their boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure to achieve sterilization., Immobilization of biological material is related to attachment of a compund of interest to/within a support or matrix., Due to its reversibility and simplicity, the most favored method of immobilization is physical adsorption., Encapsulation is method of physicall immobilization., Immobilization is a method for recovering enzymes., Sterilization can be defined as any proces that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (fungi, bacteria, viruses, prions)., DISINFECTANT – products used to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects or surfaces., Filtration is physical method of sterilization., UV light is generally used in irradiation of air in certain areas e.g. operating rooms and laboratories., Filtration removes bacteria but viruses and some small bacteria may pass through., Main use of filtration is for heat labile substances like antibiotics, vitamins, amino acids, proteins and many gases., The action of heat in sterilization will be due to induction of lethal events mediated through the action of water and oxygen., Heat sterilization can be performed with dry or moist heat., Advantages of heat sterilization are good penetrability and non-corosive nature., Moist heat kills - microorganisms by denaturing and coagulating proteins., Tyndallization may fail with spores of some anaerobes and thermophiles., Inspissation is the proces of thickening by dehydration in inspissator., The usual temperature for autoclave is 121 oC at exposure time of 15-20 minutes., The air in the autoclave chamber is evacuated and filled with saturated steam., We distinguish gravity method, vacuum and liquid method in kinds of autoclaves., Thermal Death Time – a minimum time required to kill a suspension of organisms at a predetermined temperature in a specified environment., We can monitore autoclaves by heat sensitive chemicals. and Both ethanol and isopropanol are widely used disinfectants, usually at concentration of about 70%..
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